Chapter 22, Problem 22.23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of cyanobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The aromaticity of the benzene ring disappears during electrophilic addition reactions. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions grant the permission to incorporate lots of substituents onto an aromatic ring, however, most of the substituent cannot be put in place directly to the aromatic ring. To incorporate these kinds of the substituents on the benzene ring by first using electrophilic aromatic substituents reaction to incorporate different substituents that are subsequently transformed into the desired product. A Friedel–Crafts nitration of benzene is carried out with nitric acid and sulfuric acid., which yield nitrobenzene. The reduction of nitrobenzene yields aniline. The Sandmeyer reaction is the aromatic substitution reaction of an aromatic amino group from the preparation of its diazonium salt using copper salts as the catalyst. Aniline is converted into diazotization, which is then producing the benzenediazonium ion, which can be converted into the target molecule.