Chapter 22, Problem 63A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation- To compare cis-trans isomer and enantiomers.

Concept Introduction -

Isomers: Molecules with same molecular formula but different molecular structures. They have different spatial arrangement of atoms.

Isomer can be classified as:

1. Constitutional isomers: They have different arrangement of bonds or atoms forming different structure one molecular formula.
2. Stereoisomers: They have same molecular formula different arrangement of atoms and bonds in three dimensional structures.

Example: cis − trans isomers and enantiomers.

Explanation of Solution

Cis − Trans isomers: When molecules have restricted rotation around double bonds, they show different arrangement of atoms around double bonds.

When similar group present on same side of double bond, it is cis isomer.

When similar groups present on opposite side of double bond, it is trans isomer.

Example:

Enantiomer: When molecules are superimposable mirror images of each other. They are known as enantiomers. They must have a chiral centre where all the four group are different.

Example: