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Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s disease affects internally generated movements such as movements recalled from memory. L-Dopa is a drug that is used in clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. In the article, “L-Dopa Induces Under-Damped Visually Guided Motor Responses in Parkinson’s Disease” (Experimental Brain Research, Vol. 202, Issue 3, pp. 553–559), Wing-Lok Au et al. explore the effects of L-Dopa on patients with Parkinson’s disease. Following is a stem-and-leaf diagram of the ages, in years, at which a sample of 14 patients experienced the onset of symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
How many of these 14 patients were
- a. under 45 years old at the onset of symptoms?
- b. at least 65 years old at the onset of symptoms?
- c. between 50 years old and 64 years old, inclusive, at the onset of symptoms?
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Introductory Statistics, Books a la Carte Plus NEW MyLab Statistics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
- Wing Length. D. Cristol et al. published results of their studies of two subspecies of dark-eyed juncos in the paper “Migratory Dark-Eyed Juncos, Junco hyemalis, Have Better Spatial Memory and Denser Hippocampal Neurons Than Nonmigratory Conspecifics” (Animal Behaviour, Vol. 66, Issue 2, pp. 317–328). One of the subspecies migrates each year, and the other does not migrate. A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether the mean wing lengths for the two subspecies (migratory and nonmigratory) are different. a. identify the variable. b. identify the two populations. c. determine the null and alternative hypotheses. d. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.arrow_forwardAugmented Reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, and it is believed that it will soon affect the conventional learning process. A random sample of nine university students was selected to test for the effectiveness of a special course on augmented reality in learning. They were taught how to incorporate AR into their learning process to its full potential. Table 1 gives the scores in a Learning Effectiveness test given to these students before and after attending this course. Question: Test at the 1% significance level whether this AR course makes any statistically significant improvement in the learning effectiveness of all university students.arrow_forwardMaintaining your balance may get harder as you grow older. A study was conducted to see how steady the elderly is on their feet. They had the subjects stand on a force platform and have them react to a noise. The force platform then measured how much they swayed forward and backward, and the data is in table #7.3.10 ("Maintaining balance while," 2013). Do the data show that the elderly sway more than the mean forward sway of younger people, which is 18.125 mm? Test at the 5% level. Table #7.3.10: Forward/backward Sway (in mm) of Elderly Subjects 19 30 20 19 29 25 21 24 50arrow_forward
- Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, and it is believed that it will soon affect the conventional learning process. A random sample of nine university students was selected to test for the effectiveness of a special course on augmented reality in learning. They were taught how to incorporate AR into their learning process to its full potential. Table 1 gives the scores in a Learning Effectiveness test given to these students before and after attending this course. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean (mean difference) of the population paired differences.arrow_forwardLIGHT AT NIGHT MAKES FAT MICE Studies have shown that exposure to light at night is harmful to human health. A study in mice shows that light at night has an effect on weight gain after just three weeks. In the study, mice were randomly assigned to live in one of three light conditions: LD had a standard light/dark cycle, LL had bright light all the time, and DM had dim light when there normally would have been darkness. Body Mass Gain The mice in the study had body mass measured throughout the study. Computer output showing an analysis of variance table to test for a difference in mean body mass gain (in grams) after four weeks between mice in the three different light conditions is shown below. The conditions for ANOVA are met. The null hypothesis is that the amount of light at night does not affect how much weight is gained. The alternative hypothesis is that the amount of light at night has some effect on mean weight gain. Level N Mean StDev Part 1 (a) What is the F-statistic? The…arrow_forward2. Do children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have smaller brains than children without this condition? This question was the topic of a research study described in the paper "Developmental Trajectories of Brain Volume Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" (Journal of the American Medical Association [2002]: 1740–1747). Brain scans were completed for 152 children with ADHD and 139 children of similar age without ADHD. Summary values for total cerebral volume (in milliliters) are given in the following table: Children with ADHD 152 1059.4 117.5 Children without ADHD 139 1104.5 111.3 Do these data provide evidence that the mean brain volume of children with ADHD is smaller than the mean for children without ADHD? Let's test the relevant hypoth- eses using a .05 level of significance.arrow_forward
- Q. No. 3: Recently airlines have cut services, such as meals and snacks during flights, and started charging extra for some services, such as accommodating overweight luggage, last-minute flight changes, and pets traveling in the cabin. However, they are still concerned about service. Recently, a group of four carriers hired Brunner Marketing Research Inc. to survey passengers regarding their level of satisfaction with a recent flight. The survey included questions on ticketing, boarding, in-flight service, baggage handling, pilot communication, and so forth. Twenty-five questions offered a range of possible answers: excellent, good, fair, or poor. A response of excellent was given a score of 4, good a 3, fair a 2, and poor a 1. These responses were then totaled, so the total score was an indication of the satisfaction with the flight. The greater the score, the higher the level of satisfaction with the service. The highest possible score was 100. Brunner randomly selected and surveyed…arrow_forwardResearchers have recently hypothesized that patients with myotonic dystrophy (a neuromuscular disease) also have hyperparathyroidism, a syndrome caused by an overactive parathyroid gland. To test this hypothesis, they measured the body’s response to a calcium challenge in patients with myotonic dystrophy, patients with other types of dystrophy (nonmyotonic dystrophy), and normal subjects. One of the biochemical variables they measured was the amount of cAMP excreted by the kidneys. Elevated renal cAMP excretion would be consistent with hyperparathyroidism. The data is contained in the screenshot, where two variables are listed: cAMP – Amount of cAMP excreted by the kidneys, measured in nmol/dL. patient – A factor defining the clinical status of the patient, with three levels: 1, Normal Patient in control group, with no disease. 2, Myotonic Patient with myotonic dystrophy. 3, Nonmyotonic Patient with nonmyotonic dystrophy. (a) Perform an analysis of variance calculation to test the…arrow_forwardWhat is a main effect? an interaction?arrow_forward
- An article in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise "Electrostimulation Training Effects on the Physical Performance of Ice Hockey Players," (2005, Vol. 37, pp. 455-460) considered the use of electromyostimulation (EMS) as a method to train healthy skeletal muscle. EMS sessions consisted of 30 contractions (four-second duration, 85 Hz) and were carried out three times per week for three weeks on 17 ice hockey players. The ten-meter skating performance test showed a standard deviation of 0.09 seconds. Construct a 99% confidence interval of the standard deviation of the skating performance test. Assume population is approximately normally distributed. Round your answers to 3 decimal places. i << iarrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term main effect? What is an interaction effectarrow_forwardExercises 5–8 refer to the study of an association between which ear is used for cell phone calls and whether the subject is left-handed or right-handed. The study is reported in “Hemispheric Dominance and Cell Phone Use,” by Seidman et al., JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 139, No. 5. The study began with a survey e-mailed to 5000 people belonging to an otology online group, and 717 surveys were returned. (Otology relates to the ear and hearing.)arrow_forward
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