Chapter 23, Problem 23.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism and major product for the following reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Bromination is the electrophilic addition of ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$. After the electrophilic addition and elimination in the presence of the base, we get the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism and major product for the following reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The pyridine ring is less reactive relative to benzene and acts as a nucleophile.

Bromine molecule reacts with the Lewis acid to produce ${\text{Br}}^{\text{+}}$. After the electrophilic addition and elimination in the presence of the base, we get the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism and major product for the following reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In the nitration reaction, nitric acid and sulfuric acid form the nitronium ion. Nitronium ion acts as an electrophile. After the electrophilic addition and elimination, we get the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism and major product for the following reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In the nitration reaction, nitric acid and acetic acid form the nitronium ion. Nitronium ion acts as an electrophile. After the electrophilic addition and elimination, we get the final product.