COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 23, Problem 89QAP
To determine
The minimum angle of incidence of light for total internal reflection at the glass-water interface.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- Show that if you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of 45° to the first and the third at an angle of 90.0° to the first, the intensity of light passed by the first will be reduced to 25.0% of its value. (This is in contrast to having only the first and third, which reduces the intensity to zero, so that placing the second between them increases the intensity of the transmitted light.)arrow_forwardProve that, if I is the intensity of light transmitted by two polarizing filters with axes at an angle and I is the intensity when the axes are at an angle 90.0, then I+I=I0, the original intensity. (Hint: Use the trigonometric identities cos(90.0)=sin and cos2+sin2=1 .)arrow_forwardFind the minimum thickness of a soap bubble that appears red when illuminated by white light perpendicular to its surface. Take the wavelength to be 680 nm, and assume the same index of refraction as water.arrow_forward
- Fiber optic cables, such as those used for high-speed communication (Internet & phone services), transmit signals as light pulses through transparent cables. When viewed from one of the ends, you can see these light pulses, but when viewed from the side you can't. Using your knowledge about reflection and refraction, explain how this might work. Is there some physical limitation where this might not work?arrow_forwardThe condition for total polarization, at Brewster's angle, for a reflected beam from the interface between two media is that the reflected beam and the refracted beam are perpendicular to each other (see Figure 23.22). Use this information to determine a formula for Brewster's angle for an interface between vacuum and medium of index of refraction n.arrow_forwardis this statement True or False? in the eye the greatesy refraction of lighy from >6m occurs qt the air cornea interface.arrow_forward
- A tank holds a 1.44-m thick layer of oil that floats on a 0.96-m thick layer of brine. Bothliquids are clear and do not mix. Point O is at the bottom of the tank, on a vertical axis.The indices of refraction of the oil and the brine are 1.40 and 1.52, respectively. A rayoriginating at O crosses the brine-oil interface at a point 0.60 m from the axis. The raycontinues and emerges into the air above the oil. What is the angle that the ray in the air makes with the vertical?arrow_forwardBuilding contractors often install double-glazed windows to prevent thermal energy from entering or exiting a building. In addition to being effective insulators, such windows present interesting optical effects. In the figure, a double-glazed window consists of two identical panes of glass (ng = 1.46), each yg = 52.0 mm thick, separated by an air gap of ya = 41.6 mm. Use na = 1.00 for the index of refraction of air. If light incident on the glass makes an angle of 40.00 degrees with respect to the glass, find the shift in path as the light enters the roomarrow_forwardSunlight or starlight passing through the earth’s atmosphere is always bent toward the vertical. Why? Does this mean that a star is not really where it appears to be? Explain.arrow_forward
- In the H. G. Wellsnovel The Invisible Man, a personbecomes invisible by altering hisindex of refraction to match thatof air. This is the idea behind thedisappearing eyedropper in Conceptual Question 10. If the invisibleman could actually do this, wouldhe be able to see? Explainarrow_forwardA very narrow beam of light containing red (660 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelengths travels from air through a 0.68 m thick flat block of crown glass and back to air again. The beam strikes at a 30.0º incident angle. By what distance (in mm) perpendicular to their direction of travel are the red and blue beams separated when they emerge? The index of refraction for λ = 660 nm is 1.512 and the index of refraction for λ = 470 nm is 1.524. Enter a number with 3 digits behind the decimal point.arrow_forwardIn Section 9.6, we described how the speed of light varies with wavelength (or frequency) for transparent solids. But the speed of light in matter is also a function of temperature and pressure. This dependence is most marked for gases and is instrumental in producing such things as mirages and atmospheric refraction, the latter phenomenon being the displacement of an astronomical object (like the Sun or another star) from its true position because of the passage of its light through the atmosphere. Because Earth’s atmosphere is a gaseous mixture and easily compressed, its density is highest near Earth’s surface and gradually declines with altitude. (Refer to the discussion in Section 4.4 and Figure 4.29.) Thus, the speed of light in the atmosphere is lowest near the surface and gradually gets higher, approaching c as one goes farther and farther into space. Using this fact and the law of refraction, sketch the path a light ray from the Sun would follow upon entering Earth’s atmosphere, and predict the apparent position of the Sun relative to its true position (Figure 9.85). What does this tell you about the actual location of the Sun’s disk relative to your local horizon when you see it apparently setting brilliantly in the west in the evening?arrow_forward
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