Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 34GQ
The first step of the
∆rGₒ'
Glucose + Pi → Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O
∆rGₒ' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn
This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi ∆rGₒ' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn
What is the sum of these two equations and the value of ∆rGₒ' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?
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A key step in the metabolism of glucose for energy is theisomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6- phosphate (F6P): G6P⇌F6P; K=0.510 at 298 K.(a) Calculate ΔG° at 298 K.(b) Calculate ΔG when Q, the [F6P]/[G6P] ratio, equals 10.0.(c) Calculate ΔG when Q=0.100.(d) Calculate Q if ΔG =-2.50 kJ/mol.
pick the substance and conditions which would have the higher entropy.
a) fructose (C6H12O6)
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In glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) requires ATP to be present as described by the following equation:Glu + ATP⟶G6P + ADP ΔG°298 = −17 kJIn this process, ATP becomes ADP summarized by the following equation:ATP⟶ADP ΔG°298 = −30 kJDetermine the standard free energy change for the following reaction, and explain why ATP is necessary to drive this process:Glu⟶G6P ΔG°298 = ?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 24.1 - Draw the Lewis structure for the tripeptide...Ch. 24.3 - What is the sequence of the strand of DNA...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3CYUCh. 24.5 - Kynamro has the hydrogen bonding sequence:...Ch. 24.5 - The formula of Kynamro is...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2.3ACPCh. 24 - (a) Draw the Lewis structure for the amino acid...
Ch. 24 - (a) Draw the Lewis structure for the amino acid...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3PSCh. 24 - Prob. 4PSCh. 24 - Draw Lewis structures for the two dipeptides that...Ch. 24 - Do the amino acid sequences: valine-asparagine and...Ch. 24 - Draw the Lewis structure for the tripeptide...Ch. 24 - Prob. 8PSCh. 24 - Prob. 9PSCh. 24 - Prob. 10PSCh. 24 - Prob. 11PSCh. 24 - Prob. 12PSCh. 24 - (a) Draw the structural formula for the sugar...Ch. 24 - (a) Draw the structural formula for the sugar -D-2...Ch. 24 - Prob. 15PSCh. 24 - Prob. 16PSCh. 24 - Given the following nucleotide sequence in DNA:...Ch. 24 - Given the following nucleotide sequence in DNA: 5'...Ch. 24 - Prob. 19PSCh. 24 - If a drop of oleic acid is added to a dish of...Ch. 24 - What structure do all steroids have in common?Ch. 24 - Prob. 22PSCh. 24 - Prob. 23PSCh. 24 - The chemical equation for the fermentation of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 25PSCh. 24 - Prob. 26PSCh. 24 - Prob. 27GQCh. 24 - Prob. 28GQCh. 24 - Prob. 29GQCh. 24 - Prob. 30GQCh. 24 - Prob. 31GQCh. 24 - There are 41 = 4 mononucleotides of DNA, there are...Ch. 24 - Prob. 33GQCh. 24 - The first step of the metabolic process known as...Ch. 24 - Prob. 35ILCh. 24 - Insulin is a protein important in the metabolism...Ch. 24 - Prob. 37SCQCh. 24 - Prob. 38SCQCh. 24 - Do the DNA sequences ATGC and CGTA represent the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 41SCQCh. 24 - Which of the following statements is/are true? (a)...
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- Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation C6H12O6(aq)2C3H6O3(aq) G=198 kJ at pH 7.0 and 25°C Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is 5.0103 M, while that of lactic acid is 2.9103 M. Calculate AG for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation G=G+RT In Q, where Q is the concentration quotient, analogous to K.arrow_forwardDetermine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is –30.5 kJ/mol. fructose+ATP ____fructose 6‑phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6‑phosphate is −15.9 kJ/mol. 3‑phosphoglycerate+ATP___1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate is −49.3 kJ/mol. creatine+ATP___creatine phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is –43.0 kJ/mol.arrow_forwarda) As stated in question 5a, glucose (C6H12O6(s)) is a source of cellular energy. Calculate the standard free energy for the metabolism of glucose: Given ΔG°C6H12O6(s) = -911kJ/mol; ΔG°O2(g) = 0kJ/mol; ΔG°CO2 = -394kJ/mol; ΔG°H2O(l) = -237kJ/molC6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) ➝ 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) b) Cells couple the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) andinorganic phosphate (PO43–) to drive chemical reactions (i.e. as a source of chemical energy). The reaction is: ATP(aq) + H2O(l) ➝ ADP(aq) + PO43–(aq) Calculate K for this reaction if ΔG° = –30.5 kJ/mole. c) If all of the energy from glucose metabolism went into ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganicphosphate, how many molecules of ATP could be generated from each molecule of glucose?arrow_forward
- Cells use the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) asa source of energy. The conversion of ATP toADP has a standard free-energy change of -30.5 kJ/mol. Ifall the free energy from the metabolism of glucose, C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)---->6 CO2(g)- + 6 H2O(l) goes into the conversion of ADP to ATP, how many moles ofATP can be produced for each mole of glucose?arrow_forwardOne step in glycolysis is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The direct reaction of fructose-6-phosphate with inorganic phosphate fructose-6-phosphate + Pi ⇌ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H₂O is very unfavorable, with ∆G'°= 16.3 kJ/mol and K'eq = 1.39×10⁻³. However, in glycolysis the reaction is coupled to ATP hydrolysis: fructose-6-phosphate + ATP ⇌ fructose-1,6-phosphate + ADP and the reaction if favorable. What is the equilibrium [fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]/[fructose-6-phosphate] ratio in the coupled reaction when [ATP] = [ADP]? For ATP hydrolysis ∆G'°= -30.5 kJ/mol at 25°C.arrow_forwardFor every two QH2 (ubiquinol) that enter the Q cycle, one is regenerated and the other passes its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. The overall equation is:QH2 + 2 cyt c1 (Fe3+) + 2 H+ → Q + 2 cyt c1 (Fe2+) + 4 H+Calculate the free energy change associated with the Q cycle. Use 3 significant figures. ΔG°ʹ = ? kJ · mol−1arrow_forward
- A chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n) ____ reaction.arrow_forwardIn glycolysis, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is used to drive the phosphorylation of glucose (GLC): GLC+ATP <--> ADP+GLC-6-phosphat ΔG° = −17.7 kJ What is the value of Kc for this reaction at 298K?arrow_forwardFor the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-P + H₂O ⇌ glucose + Pi ∆G'°= -13.8 kJ/mol and K'eq = 3.81×10⁻³ at 25°C. Therefore the [glucose-6-phosphate]/[glucose] ratio is about 1/260 at equilibrium. What is the [glucose-6-phosphate]/[glucose] ratio at equilibrium when this reaction is coupled to ATP hydrolysis in the coupled reaction glucose + ATP ⇌ glucose-6-phosphate + ADP and [ATP] = ADP]? For ATP hydrolysis ∆G'°= -30.5 kJ/mol at 25°C.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of reduction reaction? It is the removal of electrons from an atom or molecule. They are also referred to as dehydrogenation reactions An example of which is the conversion of Pyruvic acid to Lactic acid There is a decrease in the potential energy of the atom or molecule Which cells in the body convert most of the remaining fructose and practically all of the galactose to glucose? Sertoli cells Erythrocytes Parietal cells Hepatocytes Which of the following substances can be considered as metabolic intermediates?* Water ATP Pyruvic acid Glucosearrow_forwardGlycolysis involves ten biochemical reactions. The first two reactions of the glycolysis cycle are : (1) C6H12O6(aq) + ATP(aq) G6P(aq)+ ADP(aq) ΔH1 = -19.74 kJ.mol-1 and K1 = 4.6 × 10-3 at 37°C (2) G6P(aq) F6P(aq) ΔH2 = -2.84 kJ.mol-1 and K2 = 2.8 × 10-1 at 37°C Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction producing F6P and ADP from C6H12O6 and ATP. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of F6P(aq) generated by glycolysis in a normal body at 37°C, starting with 1.20 × 10-6L-1 glucose, 1.00 × 10-4 mol.L-1 ATP, and 1.00 × 10-2 mol.L-1 ADP. During a fever, the body temperature will increase. Will the concentration of F6P increase or decrease?arrow_forwardThe metabolism of glucose produces CO2 and H2O, how does the human body expect these reaction products?arrow_forward
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