To discuss:
Ratio of H2CO3 to HCO3– at normal pH of the blood, changes of ratio in acidosis and alkalosis, fatal effects of acidosis and alkalosis.
Introduction:
Chemical buffer: A substance that binds to hydrogen ions and removes them from a solution when the concentration of hydrogen ions begins to increase or the substance releases hydrogen ions to the solution when the concentration of hydrogen ions begins to decrease. Within a second, the normal pH of the solution is restored by the chemical buffers. The chemical buffer systems are categorized into three types namely bicarbonate, the phosphate, and the protein systems.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 24 Solutions
LSC (CONCORDIA UNIV ST PAUL) BIO 315/316: B&N DPF Connect with APR and Phils Online Access for Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function 180 Day Access ENTRP
- Decrease in bicarbonate concentration and decrease of blood pH below 7.35 metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosisarrow_forwardWhy in the initial phase of fluid replacement is rapid in both isotonic and hypotonic dehydration, but it is contraindicated in hypertonic dehydrationarrow_forwardGout—a condition that results in joint swelling and pain—iscaused by the formation of sodium urate (NaC5H3N4O3) crystalswithin tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. Sodium urate precipitatesout of blood plasma when uric acid levels become abnormallyhigh. This can happen as a result of eating too many rich foodsand consuming too much alcohol, which is why gout is sometimesreferred to as the “disease of kings.” If the sodium concentration inblood plasma is 0.140 M and Ksp for sodium urate is 5.76 * 10-8,what minimum concentration of urate results in precipitation?arrow_forward
- Which statement BEST distinguishes metabolic acidosis from respiratory acidosis ? Metabolic acidosis occurs due to changes in blood glucose as opposed to changes in PO2 and PCO2 . Metabolic acidosis is a disturbance in blood pH caused by something other than an abnormal PCO2 . PCO 4s Metabolic acidosis occurs due to changes in PO2 as opposed to Metabolic acidosis occurs due to changes in bicarbonate as opposed to PCO2arrow_forwardTo explain: The reason why the movement of H* ions is faster than Ca²* ions. Also how this speed would be 2+ affected if solution was frozen.arrow_forwardWhich electrolytes are not harmful to metabolic processes when they are at excessive levelsarrow_forward
- Secretion of with adjust blood pH on the order of hours to days. outside the kidneys via ion exchanger to merge which enters the producing kidneys. This is a description of process. carbonate Na+ acetate Kidneys H+ bicarbonate reabsorption sulfur dioxide bicarbonate bicarbonate production carbonic acid carbonic anhydrase phosphate Нeart Liver (He)2+ carbon dioxidearrow_forwardMetabolic acidosis is often treated by administering hydrogen carbonate intravenously. Explain how this treatment can increase blood plasma pH.arrow_forwardWhat actually happens in the fluid compartments of your body when you are either extremely dehydrated and have drunk and extremely large amount of water. For both cases explain why these extremes are so dangerous,how the body will attempt to compensate and what might eventually be the cause of death.arrow_forward
- Suppose a patient has chronic metabolic acidosis, perhaps from type Il diabetes. Suppose a clinic is treating the acidosis by administering bicarbonate in the blood. If the kidney's removal of bicarbonate were inconsistent, what is something simple the clinic could do to check if the dosage of bicarbonate is appropriate?arrow_forwardThe two most abundant cations in the ICFare and .arrow_forwardIn a patient with DKA and increased fixed acid production, which of these enzymes' synthesis and activity is increased to produce more NH3 for excreting the h+? Group of answer choices Carbonic anhydrase Glutaminase Hexokinase Thymidylate synthasearrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning