(a) Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined. Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

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Safrole, which is isolated from sassafras (Problem 21.33), can be converted to the illegal stimulant MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine, “Ecstasy”) by a variety of methods. (a) Devise a synthesis that begins with safrole and uses a nucleophilic substitution reaction to introduce the amine. (b) Devise a synthesis that begins with safrole and uses reductive amination to introduce the amine.

The reaction of a nitrile with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid forms an N-substituted amide. This reaction, known as the Ritter reaction, doesnot work with primary alcohols. a. Why does the Ritter reaction not work with primary alcohols? b. Provide an explanation for why an amide is less susceptible to nucleophilic attack than its corresponding ester.

Safrole, which is isolated from sassafras, can be converted to the illegal stimulant MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine, “Ecstasy”) by a variety of methods. (a) Devise a synthesis that begins with safrole and uses a nucleophilic substitution reaction to introduce the amine. (b) Devise a synthesis that begins with safrole and uses reductive amination to introduce the amine.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.56P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are to be determined.

Concept introduction: The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into amines is known as reductive amination. The first step is the formation of imines using aldehydes or ketones and amines. The second step involves the reduction of imine to form amine. The best reagent for this reaction is sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.1P Ch. 25 - Draw the structure of a compound of molecular...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.3P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.5P Ch. 25 - Arrange the compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.7P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.8P Ch. 25 - Problem 25.7 Draw the product of each...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the carbonyl and nitrogen compounds needed to prepare the given compound using reductive amination are shown in Figure 2.

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Chapter 25 Solutions