Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 25, Problem 25CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The rare involvement of activated oncogenes in the inheritance of different forms of cancer.
Introduction:
Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of cells in the body, mainly due to the occurrence of mutations in the genes. Oncogene in a mutant gene that promotes cancer. A non-mutated gene that has the potential to convert into mutated gene later is termed asproto-oncogene, which later converts into oncogenes and causes cancer. Tumor-suppressor genes, as the name suggests, are those genes that help prevent cancerous cells to proliferate.
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Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most inherited forms of cancer are defects in tumor-suppressor genes. Give two or more reasons why inherited forms of cancer seldom involve activated oncogenes.
Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded byproto-oncogenes than they do on proteins encodedby tumor-suppressor genes. Explain.
Mutations in proto-oncogenes that turn them into oncogenes tend to be dominant, while cancer-causing mutations in tumor suppressor genes tend to be recessive. Please explain why.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following wouldnotbe consistent with...Ch. 25.1 - 2. Assuming complete penetrance, which type of...Ch. 25.1 - 3. Which of the following is not a common...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 25.2 - Haplotype association studies are aimed at the...Ch. 25.3 - 1. Which of the following is not a method used in...Ch. 25.3 - 2. Which of the following prenatal genetic testing...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 25.5 - 1. An oncogene is produced from a ________that has...
Ch. 25.5 - Which of the following is a type of genetic change...Ch. 25.5 - 3. Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer...Ch. 25.5 - 4. Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 5COMQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 25 - 1. With regard to pedigree analysis, make a list...Ch. 25 - 2. Explain, at the molecular level, why human...Ch. 25 - 3. Many genetic disorders exhibit locus...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 25 - Figure 25.1 illustrates albinism in two different...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 25 - Ehler-Danlos syndrome is a rare disorder caused by...Ch. 25 - 10. Hurler syndrome is due to a mutation in a gene...Ch. 25 - Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an...Ch. 25 - Achondroplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 25 - 14. Marfan syndrome is due to a mutation in a...Ch. 25 - 15. Sandhoff disease is due to a mutation in a...Ch. 25 - Describe the two assumptions that underlie the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 25 - What is a prion? Explain how a prion relies on...Ch. 25 - 19. Some people have a genetic predisposition for...Ch. 25 - What is the difference between an oncogene and a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 25 - With regard to cancer cells, which of the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 25 - 1. Which of the following experimental...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2EQCh. 25 - 3. What is meant by the term genetic testing? How...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4EQCh. 25 - 5. Chapter 21 describes a method known as Western...Ch. 25 - 6. An experimental assay for the blood-clotting...Ch. 25 - 7. Discuss ways to distinguish whether a...Ch. 25 - 8. The codon change (Gly-12 to Val-12) in...Ch. 25 - Explain how DNA microarrays are used in molecular...Ch. 25 - Make a list of the benefits that may arise from...Ch. 25 - 2. Our government has finite funds to devote to...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3QSDC
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- Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genesarrow_forwardWhy does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a cancerous phenotype, while it takes two mutations in tumor suppressor genes to lead to a cancerous phenotype?arrow_forwardThe myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts glutamine to glutamate. How does this contribute to increased proliferation of those cancer cells? What are the reactions and enzymes that are a part of this?arrow_forward
- "In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.arrow_forwardDistinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations? Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, BCL-2, JUN, MDM2, and p16.arrow_forwardHow can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?arrow_forward
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode proteins involved in DNA repair. If DNA can not be repaired, BRCA1 and BRCA2 activate a cell cycle checkpoint. Are BRCA1 and BRCA2 proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Please explain whyarrow_forwardHereditary retinoblastoma generally affects children in both eyes, while spontaneous retinoblastoma usually occurs during adulthood only in one eye. Explain the genetic basis for the epidemiological distinction between these two forms of retinoblastoma. Explain the apparent paradox: loss-of-function mutations in tumor-suppressor genes act recessively, yet hereditary retinoblastoma is inherited as an autosomal dominant.arrow_forwardThe normal copies of tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that have which three types of interrelated functionsarrow_forward
- Describe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Given that TP53 is a recessive gene and is not located on the X chromosome, why would people who inherit just one mutant copy of a recessive tumor-suppressor gene be at higher risk of developing cancer than those without the recessive gene?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast oncogenes versus tumor-suppressorgenes.arrow_forwardSome cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does the deleted region contain an oncogene or atumor-suppressor gene? Explain.arrow_forward
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