Chapter 26, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The isomers of C₅H₁₀O₂ that are carboxylic acids need to be depicted.

Concept introduction:

1. Isomers are two or more compounds which have the same formula but different structures and properties.
2. Constitutional isomers are structural isomers which have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of the constituent atoms.
3. Stereoisomers are spatial isomers which have the same formula and connectivity but differ in the orientation of the constituent atoms in space.
4. Carboxylic acids are organic functional groups where a carbon atom is linked to oxygen via a double bond and a hydroxyl group via a single bond i.e. −COOH group.
5. The degree of unsaturation i.e. the presence of multiple bonds or rings in a compound based on its molecular formula can be determine using the following equation:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Degree of Unsaturation = }\frac{1}{2}(\text{2C+N-X-H+2) ------(1)}\\ \text{Where: C, N, X and H are the number of carbon, nitrogen, halogen and hydrogen atoms}\text{.}\end{array}$