Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 20RQ
How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?
- The sugar-phosphate backbone provides a template for
DNA replication - tRNA pairing with the template strand creates proteins encoded by the genome
- Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure
- Complementary base pairing allows for easy editing of both strands of DNA.
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What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
It joins Okazaki fragments together.
It stabilizes the unwound parental DNA.
It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer.
It unwinds the parental double helix.
Why is an RNA primer necessary for DNA replication?
The RNA primer is necessary for the activity of DNA ligase.
The RNA primer creates the 5â and 3â ends of the strand.
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to RNA molecules.
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing strand.
What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?
the particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction
the relative amounts of the four nucleoside triphosphates in the cell
the nucleotide sequence of the template strand
the primase used in the reaction
the arrangement of histones in the sugar phosphate backbone
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 3 - Figure 3.5 What kind of sugars are these, aldose...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.23 Which categories of amino acid would...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.33 A mutation occurs, and cytosine is...Ch. 3 - Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of...Ch. 3 - During the breakdown of polymers, which of the...Ch. 3 - The following chemical reactants produce the ester...Ch. 3 - An example of a monosaccharide is fructose glucose...Ch. 3 - Cellulose and starch are examples of:...Ch. 3 - Plant cell walls contain which of the following in...Ch. 3 - Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation...
Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not an extracellular...Ch. 3 - Saturated fats have all of the following...Ch. 3 - Phospholipids are important components of...Ch. 3 - Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma...Ch. 3 - The monomers that make up proteins are called...Ch. 3 - The helix and the pleated sheet are part of...Ch. 3 - Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one...Ch. 3 - A nucleotide of DNA may contain. ribose, uracil,...Ch. 3 - The building blocks of nucleic acids are ____. a....Ch. 3 - How does the double helix structure of DNA support...Ch. 3 - Why are biological macromolecules considered...Ch. 3 - What role do electrons play in dehydration...Ch. 3 - Amino acids have the generic structure seen below,...Ch. 3 - Describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 3 - Why is it impossible for humans to digest food...Ch. 3 - Draw the ketose and aldose forms of a...Ch. 3 - Explain at least three functions that lipids serve...Ch. 3 - Why have trans fats been banned from some...Ch. 3 - Why are fatty acids better than glycogen for...Ch. 3 - Part of cortisol’s role in the body involves...Ch. 3 - Explain what happens if even one amino acid is...Ch. 3 - Describe the differences in the four protein...Ch. 3 - Aquaporins are proteins embedded in the plasma...Ch. 3 - What are the structural differences between RNA...Ch. 3 - What are the four types of RNA and how do they...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Energy that drives the attachment of a nucleotide to the end of a growing strand of DNA comes from ________. a. the nucleotide b. DNA polymerase c. phosphate-group transfers from ATParrow_forwardThe following segment of DNA codes for a protein. The uppercase letters represent exons. The lowercase letters represent introns. The lower strand is the template strand. Draw the primary transcript and the mRNA resulting from this DNA.arrow_forwardWhat are the base-pairing rules for DNA? a. A-G, T-C c. A-T, G-C b. A-C, T-G d. A-A, G-G, C-C, T-Tarrow_forward
- mRNA is produced by ___________. a. replication b. duplication c. transcription d. translationarrow_forwardEukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and seal together translatableexons. uses a spliceosome mechanism made of DNA to recognizeconsensus sequences to cut and splice. has a guanine cap on its 39 end and a poly(A) tail on its 59 end. is composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. codes the guanine cap and poly(A) tail from the DNAtemplate.arrow_forwardDNA replication requires ________ . a. DNA polymerase c. primers b. nucleotides d. all are requiredarrow_forward
- Make the complementary strand for the following DNA template and label both strands as 5 to 3 or 3 to 5 (P = phosphate in the diagram). Draw an arrow showing the direction of synthesis of the new strand. How many hydrogen bonds are in this double strand of DNA? template: PAGGCTCGOH new strand:arrow_forwardMatch the terms appropriately. ___ nucleotide ___ clone a. nitrogen-containing base, sugar, phosphate groups ___ autosome b. copy of an organism ___ DNA polymerase c. does not determine sex ___ mutation d. injects DNA ___ bacteriophage e. replication enzyme ___ semiconservative replication f. can cause cancer g. something old, something new ___ DNA ligase h. seals gaps and breaksarrow_forwardAntibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?arrow_forward
- . How does the double helix structure of DNA support itsrole in encoding the genome?a. The sugar-phosphate backbone provides a templatefor DNA replication.b. tRNA pairing with the template strand createsproteins encoded by the genome.c. Complementary base pairing creates a very stablestructure.d. Complementary base pairing allows for easyediting of both strands of DNA.arrow_forwardEach DNA double helix has a backbone that consists of alternating ___. covalent and ionic bonds nitrogen-containing bases hydrogen bonds sugar and phosphate molecules covalent and hydrogen bondsarrow_forwardDuring DNA replication, a template strand is used to synthesize a new "daughter" strand of DNA. Below is a sequence of a short segment of DNA. Provide the base sequence in the complementary strand and label all ends. 5’ A A T C G T A A G C T 3’arrow_forward
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