Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321948908
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 27P
In an 1889 book titled Natural Inheritance (Macmillan, New York), Francis Galton, who investigated the inheritance of measurable (quantitative) traits, formulated a law of “ancestral inheritance.” The law stated that each person inherits approximately one-half of his or her genetic traits from each parent, about one-quarter of the traits from each grandparent, one-eighth from each great grandparent, and so on. In light of the chromosome theory of heredity, argue either in favor of Galton’s law or against it.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
Ch. 3 - Examine the following diagrams of cells from an...Ch. 3 - Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has...Ch. 3 -
3. In a test of his chromosome theory of...Ch. 3 - Cohesion between sister chromatids, as well as...Ch. 3 - 5. The diploid number of the hypothetical animal...Ch. 3 - 6. An organism has alleles R1 and R2 on one pair...Ch. 3 - Explain how the behavior of homologous chromosomes...Ch. 3 - 8. Suppose crossover occurs between the homologous...Ch. 3 -
9. Alleles A and a are on one pair of autosomes,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 3 - Describe the role of the following structures or...Ch. 3 - A womans father has ornithine transcarbamylase...Ch. 3 - In humans, hemophilia A (OMIM 306700) is an...Ch. 3 -
14. A wild-type male and a wild-type female...Ch. 3 - 15. A woman with severe discoloration of her tooth...Ch. 3 - 16. In a large metropolitan hospital, cells from...Ch. 3 - In cats, tortoiseshell coat color appears in...Ch. 3 - 18. The gene causing Coffin–Lowry syndrome (OMIM...Ch. 3 - 19. Four eye-color mutants in Drosophila—apricot,...Ch. 3 - 20. For each pedigree shown,
a. Identify which...Ch. 3 - 21. Use the blank pedigrees provided to depict...Ch. 3 - 22. Figure 3.22 (page 89) illustrates reciprocal...Ch. 3 - 23. In fruit flies, yellow body (y) is recessive...Ch. 3 - 24. In a species of fish, a black spot on the...Ch. 3 - LeschNyhan syndrome (OMIM 300322) is a rare...Ch. 3 - 26. In humans, SRY is located near a...Ch. 3 - 27. In an 1889 book titled Natural Inheritance...Ch. 3 - 30. Drosophila has a diploid chromosome number of...Ch. 3 - 29. A wild-type Drosophila male and female are...Ch. 3 - 28. In Drosophila, the X-linked echinus eye...Ch. 3 - 31. While examining a young tortoiseshell cat, you...Ch. 3 - 32. Redgreen color blindness in humans is...
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- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?arrow_forwardTwo brown-eyed parents produce a blue-eyed child. Grandparents suspect infidelity on the part of the mother since neither parent had blue eyes. Explain the Mendelian relationships. What type of inheritance is represented here?arrow_forward
- Tay-Sachs disease is a rare human disease in which toxic substances accumulate in nerve cells. The recessive allele responsible for the disease is inherited in a simple Mendelian manner. For unknown reasons, the allele is more common in populations of Ashkenazi Jews of eastern Europe. A woman is planning to marry her first cousin, but the couple discovers that their shared grandfather’s sister died in infancy of Tay-Sachs disease.a. Draw the relevant parts of the pedigree, and show all the genotypes as completely as possible. b. What is the probability that the cousins’ first child will have Tay-Sachs disease, assuming that all people who marry into the family are homozygous normal?arrow_forwardHemophilia and color blindness are both recessive conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome. To calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes, you draw a large number of pedigrees that include grandfathers with both hemophilia and color blindness, their daughters (who presumably have one chromosome with two normal alleles and one chromosome with two mutant alleles), and the daughters sons. Analyzing all the pedigrees together shows that 25 grandsons have both color blindness and hemophilia, 24 have neither of the traits, 1 has color blindness only, and 1 has hemophilia only. How many centimorgans (map units) separate the hemophilia locus from the locus for color blindness?arrow_forwardAs it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam Guards had an unquenchable attraction to short women. During his tenure as guard, he had numerous clandestine affairs. In each case, children resulted. Subsequently, some of the childrenwho had no way of knowing that they were relatedmarried and had children of their own. Assume that two pairs of genes determine height. The genotype of the 7-foot-tall Potsdam Guard was A9A9B9B9, and the genotype of all of his 5-foot clandestine lovers was AABB. An A9 or B9 allele in the offspring each adds 6 inches to the base height of 5 feet conferred by the AABB genotype. a. What were the genotypes and phenotypes of all the F1 children? b. Diagram the cross between the F1 offspring, and give all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 progenyarrow_forward
- Pedigree Analysis Is a Basic Method in Human Genetics Using the pedigree provided, answer the following questions. a. Is the proband male or female? b. Is the grandfather of the proband affected? c. How many siblings does the proband have, and where is he or she in the birth order?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis is an autosomal disease that mainly affects the white population, and 1 in 20 whites are heterozygotes. Genetic testing can diagnose heterozygotes. Should a genetic screening program for cystic fibrosis be instituted? Should the federal government fund it? Should the program be voluntary or mandatory, and why?arrow_forwardA pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?arrow_forward
- A couple who are about to get married learn from studying their family histories that, in both their families, theirunaffected grandparents had siblings with cystic fibrosis(a rare autosomal recessive disease).a. If the couple marries and has a child, what is theprobability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?b. If they have four children, what is the chance that thechildren will have the precise Mendelian ratio of 3:1 fornormal:cystic fibrosis?c. If their first child has cystic fibrosis, what is theprobability that their next three children will be normal?arrow_forwardHemophilia and color blindness are both recessive conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome . To calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes, you draw a large number of pedigrees that include grandfathers with both hemophilia and color blindness , their daughters (who presumably have one chromosome with two normal alleles and one chromosome with two mutant alleles), and the daughters’ sons. Analyzing all the pedigrees together shows that 25 grandsons have both color blindness and hemophilia 24 have neither of the traits , 1 has color blindness only and 1 has hemophilia only . how many centimorgans seperate the hemophilia locus from the locus of the color blindness.arrow_forwardDo you think mendal's law of inheritence would have been different if the character that he choose were located on same chromosome?arrow_forward
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