Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 41, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hemorrhage is the loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel. It may decrease oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells. Blood volume and blood pressure are closely related and directly proportional to each other. The regions with endings of neurons are called baroreceptors. They mediate an important mechanism by which blood pressure is regulated in vertebrates, called baroreceptor reflex.
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The carotid artery of an animal is partially constricted proximal to the carotid sinus during a study. Which of the following cardiovascular changes most likely occurs in response to the constriction?
(My opinion is the question is referring to carotid clamping not carotid massage ( carotid massage is usually done on carotid sinus to rapidly lower heart rate))
A. Decreased heart rateB. Decreased systemic arterial pressure
C. Decreased venous return to the startD. Increased number of impulses from the carotid sinus
E. Increased total peripheral resistance.
What is the consequence of the prolonged plateau of depolarization in ventricular myocytes?
a-it causes ventricular myocytes to contract for a longer time, allowing the ventricles time to empty
b-it gives additional time for the atria to contract, filling the ventricles more completely
c-it causes repolarization to be delayed which slows heart rate
d-it allows the ventricles a moment to rest before completing contraction
When you exercise, your heart speeds up, and a greater volume of blood is pumped around the body to meet demands. Both heart rate and stroke volume are affected by changes in blood gases, blood pressure, temperature and movement.
Make reference to the following to help structure your answer:
Inputs:
Chemoreceptors
Stretch receptors
Thermoreceptors
Pressure receptors
How the information is processed by the brain
Effectors – what nerves regulate heart rate in response to changes in each direction.
Explain this concept in no more than 300 words. You must make reference to the nervous system in the control of these events.
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