Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 45.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism, by which olfactory system is able to distinguish among the different odors present in the environment.
Introduction:
Any kind of smell in the environment is perceived by the olfactory receptors that are present in the nose. These olfactory receptors activate the G protein signaling pathway that helps in detection of the smell. Different odors have different receptors but they are able to activate the common pathway.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Fill in the blank: A chemical would be considered _______________________ if a person lacks a particular receptor site on the cilia of the olfactory neurons.arrow_forwardOlfactory neurons are stimulated by_____which causes the opening of______gated ion channels. These cell fire______arrow_forwardwhat statement is true about Olfactory epithelium and bulb a. Olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are bipolar neurons. Their distal ends are enlarged as olfactory vesicles, which have long cilia. b. The cilia have receptors that respond to dissolved substances. There are approximately 1000 different odorant receptors. c. The receptors activate a G protein complex, which opens ion channels. d. At least 7 (perhaps 50) primary odors exist. The olfactory neurons have a very low threshold and accommodate rapidly.arrow_forward
- There are only five distinct basic tastes, but thousands of different odors. Demonstrate your understanding of the olfactory system by making a reasonable hypothesis that explains how a vast number of chemical odorants can be recognized?arrow_forwardwhat statement is false about Olfactory epithelium and bulb a. Olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are bipolar neurons. Their distal ends are enlarged as olfactory vesicles, which have long cilia. b. The cilia have receptors that respond to dissolved substances. There are approximately 1000 different odorant receptors. c. The receptors activate a G protein complex, which opens ion channels. d. At least 7 (perhaps 50) primary odors exist. The olfactory neurons have a very low threshold and accommodate rapidly.arrow_forwardWhat does it mean to say sense organs are transducers? What form of energy do all receptors have as their output?arrow_forward
- Explain how olfactory receptors respond to the binding of odormolecules.arrow_forwardWhat is unusual about the olfactory receptors? a. Olfactory neurons have more than one axon. b. Humans do not begin forming olfactory neurons until nearly 2 years old. c. We continue forming new olfactory neurons throughout life. d. An unusually strong blood–brain barrier protects olfactory neurons from damage.arrow_forwardFive different types of taste receptors have been identified in humans. These are salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. Taste receptors consist of specific types of proteins incorporated into the plasma membrane of taste receptor cells, which are clustered together in structures called taste buds. All five receptor types are present in each taste bud, which are distributed over most of the tongue surface area. Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal cavity and consist of several thousand different types, each type specific for a different odorant molecule (ligand). You may need to research this on the internet. Be sure to site your sources. If you plug your nose, red wine and coffee taste exactly the same.arrow_forward
- Five different types of taste receptors have been identified in humans. These are salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. Taste receptors consist of specific types of proteins incorporated into the plasma membrane of taste receptor cells, which are clustered together in structures called taste buds. All five receptor types are present in each taste bud, which are distributed over most of the tongue surface area. Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal cavity and consist of several thousand different types, each type specific for a different odorant molecule (ligand). If you plug your nose, red wine and coffee taste exactly the same. Explain why this is so.arrow_forwardWhat form of energy do all receptors have as their output?arrow_forwardHow is the processing of olfactory stimuli different from that of other special sensory stimuli?arrow_forward
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