Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
When the water moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane, that process is known as osmosis.The process is important as it helps to absorb and excrete ions and other materials inside or out of the cells.
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If you place a flaccid plant cell with ΨS = -0.4 MPa in pure water, which of the following will occur? A. Water will not enter the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and low water potential. B. Water enters the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and low water potential. C. Water enters the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and high water potential. D. Water will not enter the cell because the flaccid cell has solutes and high water potential.
Rebuild the cell above that is hypertonic to the solution outside. By hitting the red button, add 20 solutes (green) to the inside of the cell and add 5 water (blue) to the inside of the cell. Also, add 20 water (blue) to the outside of the cell and 5 solutes (green) to the outside of the cell. Add blue gated channels to the membrane.
Q: What happens to the water molecules in this situation?
Q: Which of the above situations is closer to a living membrane system?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water, and can be driven by many different factors, including temperature, pressure, the nature of the location, and solute concentration. Which of these is a requirement for osmosis to occur?
Water must flow from low to high water potential.
Only within plant cells is pressure required.
Temperature must be above 30 C.
There must be a semipermeable membrane.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.2 - In an animal cell, how can changes in lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.2 - Which of the following changes would make a...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2BCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.6 - A form of endocytosis that involves the formation...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.7 - Anchoring junctions that adhere adjacent animal...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following events in a biological...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3TYCh. 5 - Carbohydrates of the plasma membrane are bonded to...Ch. 5 - Which of the following movements would not be an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6TYCh. 5 - Prob. 7TYCh. 5 - What features of a membrane are a major...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9TYCh. 5 - Large particles can be brought into the cell by...Ch. 5 - With your textbook closed, draw and describe the...Ch. 5 - Describe two different ways that integral membrane...Ch. 5 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 5 - With regard to bringing solutes into the cell...
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- In osmosis, water moves from an area of low solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (low water concentration). So, it's the movement of water that helps balance the concentration of solutes on both sides of a semipermeable membrane. My question is when water move from high concentration to low concentration ,it's the movement of water making it balance. So why does it says in definition low solutue concentration going to that high solutue concentration, isn't it make the solute like ion and other molecules going to the higher side and not making it balance. High concentration of water to low concentration water movement is make sense to me But low solute cocentration to high solute concentration part does not make sense at all Please explain how does low concerned ntration solute going to high concentration of solute making balance?arrow_forwardInformation: Osmotic pressure is the pressure that a solvent exerts against a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the osmotic pressure. Red blood cells have an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.90% (m/v) solution of sodium chloride and 5.0% (m/v) solution of dextrose. A solution that has a higher concentration that this is called hypertonic; one with a lower concentration is called hypotonic. Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting cells. Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.Hypertonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.Hypotonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to…arrow_forwardThe membrane in the diagram above is not permeable to the sugar in the solution, however it is permeable to water. Which of the following statements would best describe what will happen? Select ALL that apply. [mark all correct answers]a. Sugar molecules will move to side A until the concentrations on both sides are equal.b. There will be no change since the membrane is not permeable to the sugar molecules.c. Sugar molecules will move to side A at the same rate as the water molecules will move to side B.d. Water molecules will move to side B until the concentrations on both sides are equal.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes a hypotonic solution? a-There is a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside the cell b-There is a lower concentration of solute outside the cell than inside the cell c-The solute concentration both inside and outside the cell is equal d-Through osmosis, water will enter the cell causing it to swellarrow_forwardDraw a simple cell; indicate where the concentrations of Na1, K1, and Cl2 are high and low and the electrical potential difference across the membrane when the cell is at rest.arrow_forwardGiven the following cell type and solutions, draw the cell, showing the net direction of osmosis (water flow) and say what state the cell will be in. Choose from the following terms to describe the state of the cell: Turgid, flaccid, plasmolyzed, crenulated (shriveled), lysed (burst), normal. An animal cell with an internal osmolarity of 0.32 M (total concentration of all the solutes in solution) that is placed in a solution of 0.32 M NaCl.arrow_forward
- given the perfect osmometer (plasma membrane bounded by perfectly rigid walls) inside the cell, the solute potential is 0 and the pressure potential is 0, outside the cell the water potential is also 0 you add a dilute salt solution that changes the osmotic potential of the solution to 0.3MPa 1. what is the approximate value of the solute potential and pressure potential inside the cell after the system has come to equilibrium? 2. why does the movement of relatively few water molecules across the plasma membrane of the osmometer have such a large effect in the value of pressure potential?arrow_forwardThe movement of water is called osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water, and it too moves to reach equilibrium. The relationship between solute concentration and water are opposite. An area with high concentration of solute has less water "concentration", and an area of low solute concentration has a higher water "concentration". Select the options that describe the movement of water if there is a gradient across a membrane. Hint: There are two correct answers. One with the solute perspective and one with a water perspective. Select all that apply: Water moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration. Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Water moves from an area of high water "concentration" to an area of low water "concentration". Water moves from an area of low water "concentration" to an area of high water "concentration".arrow_forwardIn the figure below are several panels that illustrate the relative concentration of a particular solute on either side of a cell's plasma membrane. The top panel represents the INITIAL (or starting) scenario, and the lower panels represent different possible outcomes after time has passed. QUESTION: Which of the panels below represents a situation in which the concentration gradient of this solute has been minimized (reduced)? A B C Darrow_forward
- Imagine that you have two solutions of glucose in water. One solution consists of 1 g of glucose in 100 mL of water. The other consists of 10 g of glucose in 100 mL. Which solution has a more negative osmotic potential?arrow_forwardAssume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardWhich statement best fits the following diagram? The purplish dots are sugar molecules and the blue areas are water molecules. On the left side the water molecwles have a concentration of 99.1% and on the right side the water molecules have concentration of 99.9%. 1) The level of fluid on the left will rise because water will move by osmosis through the membrane. 2) The level of the fluid on the left will fall as water moves to the right by osmosis. 3) The level of the water on the left will rise as a result of sugar molecules diffusing through the membrane. 4) The level of the water on the left will fall as sugar molecules diffuse through the membrane.arrow_forward
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