Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5.3, Problem 2BC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The types of ion gradients that are important for the conduction of an action potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron.
Introduction:
Neurons send messages by transmitting an action potential. A neural impulse is the spread of an action potential like a wave along an axon. The membrane potential is the difference in electric charge inside and outside of a neuron. Depending on whether or not a neuron receives a stimulus, the membrane potential can change.
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The repolarization phase of action potentials in neurons is due primarily to ............(ion) flow out of the cell
Fill in the blank
The all-or-none principle, associated with the action potential, states that once membrane potential reaches......... magnitude an action potential will be generated and will be the same
1) A drug was added to a cell with a resting membrane potential = -12mV. When added, the drug caused depolarization of membrane potential to -8 mV.
Multiple answers: Which of the following could have caused this change? Choose the best answers, all of which should be biological important/realistic mechanisms.
a)Blockage of leak channels for potassium could have occurred
b)Blockage of voltage-gated channels for potassium could have occurred
c)Blockage of ligand-gated channels for potassium could have occurred
d)Blockage of leak channels for sodium could have occurred
e)Blockage of voltage-gated channels for sodium could have occurred
f)Blockage of ligand-gated channels for sodium could have occurred
g)Inhibition of the electrogenic function of the sodium-ATPase pump
h)An action potential occurred
I)The membrane had no potential energy to do work
2) Multiple answers: Which area(s) of a bipolar neuron has a high density of leak channels for sodium and potassium?…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.2 - In an animal cell, how can changes in lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.2 - Which of the following changes would make a...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2BCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.6 - A form of endocytosis that involves the formation...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.7 - Anchoring junctions that adhere adjacent animal...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following events in a biological...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3TYCh. 5 - Carbohydrates of the plasma membrane are bonded to...Ch. 5 - Which of the following movements would not be an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6TYCh. 5 - Prob. 7TYCh. 5 - What features of a membrane are a major...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9TYCh. 5 - Large particles can be brought into the cell by...Ch. 5 - With your textbook closed, draw and describe the...Ch. 5 - Describe two different ways that integral membrane...Ch. 5 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 5 - With regard to bringing solutes into the cell...
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- Figure 35.11 Potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone and procainamide, which are used to treat abnormal electrical activity in the heart, called cardiac dysrhythmia, impede the movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels. Which part of the action potential would you expect potassium channels to affect?arrow_forward1. The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? 2. Explain why the membrane potential changes at X 3. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential 4. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potentialarrow_forwardFinally, what will be the effect on the membrane potential if K+ loan move out of the cell?a) K+ will bring the membrane potential to 0 (neutral) b) The membrane potential won't be significantly affected (non-polarizing) c) K+ leaving will make the inside of the cell more negative (hyperpolarizing) d) K+ will make the inside of the cell more positive (depolarizing)arrow_forward
- At rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. When a neuron sends a signal, it opens sodium channels. What happens to the sodium when the sodium channels open? A. The sodium diffuses out of the cell. B. The sodium is pumped into the cell. C. The sodium is pumped out of the cell. D. The sodium diffuses into the cell.arrow_forwardWhy is the resting membrane potential negative? Shouldn't it be positive as cells move in and out positive ionsarrow_forward1. When a neuron is not generating an action potential, its membrane (the neurolemma) has a resting membrane potential. During rest, are gated Na+ and K+ channels (open? closed?)___________________________________.2. Only cells with “excitable membranes” can create action potentials. The two types of cells in the body that can do this are?___________________________________ and ___________________________________.3. Which event pushes a membrane further away from being able to generate another action potential: (hyperpolarization/depolarization /repolarization)?___________________________________.4. Short-lived, localized changes in polarity in the membrane of a neuron are called?___________________________________.5. During depolarization, which channels are open , Na+ or K+?___________________________________.arrow_forward
- 4. Which term describes the cell membrane potential of a neuron at rest? a. polarized b. depolarized c. hyperpolarized d. repolarized e. sympolarizedarrow_forward3. In a lab a neuron is stimulated by various electrical charges with the following results: 10mV no action potential, 20 mV action potential, 30 mV action potential, 40 mV action potential. What is the threshold potential? A. 10 mV B. 20 mV C. 30 mV D. 40 mVarrow_forwardA sodium channel in a nerve membrane a)Inactivation gate closes when the membrane reaches ~+30 mV. b)Opens and closes quickly. c)Activation gate opens when the membrane reaches threshold voltage. d)'Resets' when the membrane reaches resting potential .arrow_forward
- COMPARE AND CONTRAST THEM IN TABLES 1. action membrane potential and resting membrane potential 2. endocrine and exocrine glandsarrow_forwardIn the membrane of a neuron, what happens during an IPSP? A. All the ion gates in the membrane close. B. The sodium gates open. C. The potassium or chloride gates open. D. All the ion gates in the membrane open.arrow_forwardWhat properties of ion channels allow them to generate the large, rapid changes in membrane potential?arrow_forward
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