Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 5.7, Problem 24AAP
To determine
How long must be the diffusion time.
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Rank the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients from greatest to least for the following systems:
N in Fe at 700°C
Cr in Fe at 700°C
N in Fe at 900°C
Cr in Fe at 900°C
Now justify this ranking. (Note: Both Fe and Cr have the BCC crystal structure, and the atomic radii for Fe, Cr, and N are 0.124, 0.125, and 0.065 nm, respectively. You may also want to refer to Section 5.4.)
The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 118 kJ/mol. Calculate the diffusion coefficient at 840°C, given that the value of D at 1140°C is 6.1 × 10-11 m2/s.
Diffusion of carbon into the surface of BCC steel at 600oC for 10 hours results in a carbon concentration of 0.2wt% at a depth of 1.5 mm below the surface. At what depth will the same concentration be obtained if the diffusion time is increased to 20 hours, leaving the temperature at 600o
Chapter 5 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 5.7 - Write an equation for the number of vacancies...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3KCPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 4KCPCh. 5.7 - Describe the substitutional and interstitial...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 6KCPCh. 5.7 - What factors affect the diffusion rate in solid...Ch. 5.7 - Write the equation for Ficks second law of...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 5.7 - (a) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 12AAPCh. 5.7 - Determine the diffusion flux of zinc atoms in a...Ch. 5.7 - The diffusion flux of copper solute atoms in...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 15AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 16AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 17AAPCh. 5.7 - A gear made of 1020 steel (0.20 wt% C) is to be...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 19AAPCh. 5.7 - The surface of a steel gear made of 1020 steel...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 21AAPCh. 5.7 - If boron is diffused into a thick slice of silicon...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 23AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 24AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 25AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 26AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 27AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 28AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 29AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 30AAPCh. 5.7 - The diffusivity of copper atoms in the aluminum...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 32AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 33SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 37SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 38SEPCh. 5.7 - The activation energy of nickel atoms in FCC iron...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 40SEPCh. 5.7 - The self-diffusion of iron atoms in BCC iron is...Ch. 5.7 - Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper...Ch. 5.7 - Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 44SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 45SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 46SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 50SEP
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- What does(do) determine a diffusion coefficient (diffusivity)? (choose all)a. Concentration gradientb. Diffusing species and host metalc. Geometryd. Temperaturearrow_forwardCompute diffusion coefficients for the interdiffusion of carbon in both (a) α-iron (BCC) and (b) γ-iron (FCC) at 1000˚C. Assume that D0 for the interdiffusion of carbon in α-iron and in γ-iron are 1.1 × 10-6 and 2.3 × 10-5 m2/s, respectively, and that Qd are 80 and 148 kJ/mol, respectively.arrow_forward6. (20%) Pure zinc is to be diffused into the copper by dipping copper into molten zinc at 450°C. Calculate how long would take to obtain 10wt% zinc at a depth of 0.5 mm beneath the copper surface. Is this commercially feasible? What practical problems might arise if we raise the temperature to 1000°C ? Use Table below for error function values as needed. At 450°C, the diffusion coefficient D = 6.3 10-17 m²/s.arrow_forward
- One method of fabricating complex aerospace components is diffusion bonding. We wish to join a nickel sheet, intended to rapidly transfer lightning strike data away from critical locations, to an FCC iron (stainless steel) plate. We find that we can accomplish a good bond in 8 hours when the two metals are joined at 800°C. How long will it take to obtain an equally good bond if we decide to perform the bonding at 600°C? (Assume that the quality of the bond is determined by the rate of diffusion into the FCC iron).arrow_forwardCalculate the diffusion coefficient for the interdiffusion of Zinc into Copper at 500 °C .arrow_forwardCompare the diffusion coefficients for hydrogen and nitrogen in FCC iron at 1000°C and explain the reason for the difference in their values.arrow_forward
- The diffusivity of aluminum in a commercial aluminum alloy is 10-20 m2/s at 400°C. The activation energy for diffusion of Aluminum in this system is 195 kJ/mol. Calculate the diffusivity at 600°Carrow_forwardA flat plug 30 mm thick having an area of 6×10-3 m2 is used to close an opening in a container. The gas O2 at 25 oC and 2 atm pressure is stored inside the container. Assume that the outside partial pressure of O2 is zero and the solubility of O2 is 0.9 m3 gas (at 0 oC and 1 atm) per m3 solid per atm pressure of O2 , and the diffusivity of O2 in the solid material is equal to 0.11×10-10 m2/s. i- Calculate the total leakage of O2 through the plug to the outside in kgmol/s at a steady state. ii- Using the information given in the Appendix (Table Q1), determine the most appropriate material to be used for constructing the plug; and state why?.arrow_forwardCarbon is allowed to diffuse through a steel plate 11-mm thick. The concentrations of carbon at the two faces are 0.936 and 0.224 kg C/m3 Fe, which are maintained constant. If the preexponential and activation energy are 6.5 × 10-7 m2/s and 82 kJ/mol, respectively, calculate the temperature (in K) at which the diffusion flux is 3.2 × 10-9 kg/(m2-s).arrow_forward
- Answer in a brief and concise essay. 1. Why does diffusion in solids important?arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures: T(K) D(m2/s) 1273 9.4 x 10-16 1473 2.4 x 10-14 (a) Determine the values of D0 and the activation energy Qd. (b) What is the magnitude of D at 1100ºC (1373 K)?arrow_forwardA practical example of steady-state diffusion is the purification of hydrogen gas where one side of a thin sheet of palladium is exposed to impure gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor. Hydrogen selectively diffuses through the sheet and exits the other side as purified hydrogen, while the other gaseous species do not penetrate the sheet noticeably. Compute the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms per hour) that passes through a 6-millimeter thick sheet of palladium with surface area equal to 0.25 m^2 at 600 degrees C. The diffusivity (or diffusion coefficient) of hydrogen in palladium is 1.7 *10^-8 m^2/s. The concentration on the high-pressure side is 2.0 kg of hydrogen per cubic meter of palladium, and is 0.4 (same units) on the low-pressure side.arrow_forward
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Introduction to Diffusion in Solids; Author: Engineering and Design Solutions;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_1QmKJvNjc;License: Standard youtube license