Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 5.7, Problem 43SEP
Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper (self-diffusion) to be lower in a pure copper sample that is loaded with dislocations or in a pure copper sample that is free of dislocations (refer to Sec. 4.4.2 for characteristics of dislocations)? Explain your answer.
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Rank the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients from greatest to least for the following systems:
N in Fe at 700°C
Cr in Fe at 700°C
N in Fe at 900°C
Cr in Fe at 900°C
Now justify this ranking. (Note: Both Fe and Cr have the BCC crystal structure, and the atomic radii for Fe, Cr, and N are 0.124, 0.125, and 0.065 nm, respectively. You may also want to refer to Section 5.4.)
Answer in a brief and concise essay. 1. Why does diffusion in solids important?
Compare the diffusion coefficients for hydrogen and nitrogen in FCC iron at 1000°C and explain the reason for the difference in their values.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 5.7 - Write an equation for the number of vacancies...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3KCPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 4KCPCh. 5.7 - Describe the substitutional and interstitial...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 6KCPCh. 5.7 - What factors affect the diffusion rate in solid...Ch. 5.7 - Write the equation for Ficks second law of...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 5.7 - (a) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 12AAPCh. 5.7 - Determine the diffusion flux of zinc atoms in a...Ch. 5.7 - The diffusion flux of copper solute atoms in...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 15AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 16AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 17AAPCh. 5.7 - A gear made of 1020 steel (0.20 wt% C) is to be...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 19AAPCh. 5.7 - The surface of a steel gear made of 1020 steel...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 21AAPCh. 5.7 - If boron is diffused into a thick slice of silicon...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 23AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 24AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 25AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 26AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 27AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 28AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 29AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 30AAPCh. 5.7 - The diffusivity of copper atoms in the aluminum...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 32AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 33SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 37SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 38SEPCh. 5.7 - The activation energy of nickel atoms in FCC iron...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 40SEPCh. 5.7 - The self-diffusion of iron atoms in BCC iron is...Ch. 5.7 - Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper...Ch. 5.7 - Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 44SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 45SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 46SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 50SEP
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- Calculate the value of the diffusion coefficient D (in m^2/s) at 694°C for the diffusion of some species in a metal; assume that the values of D0 and Qd are 5.6 x 10^-5 m^2/s and 177 kJ/mol, respectively. R=8.314 J/(mol*K)arrow_forwardCompare the diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC iron at the allotropic transformation temperature of 912°C and explain the reason for the difference in their values.arrow_forward1. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere that gives a surface carbon concentration constant at 1.0 wt%. If after 49.5 h, the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 4.0 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out. 2. Consider a metal single-crystal oriented such that the normal to the slip plane and the slip direction are at angles of 60° and 35°, respectively, with the tensile axis. If the critical resolved shear stress is 20.7 MPa, will an applied stress of 45 MPa cause the single crystal to yield? If not, what stress will be necessary?arrow_forward
- Calculate the concentration of monovacancies in gold at 1,000 K, knowingthat Hf = 1.4 × 10−19 J. If the gold is suddenly quenched to ambienttemperature, what will be the excess vacancy concentration?arrow_forwardOne method of fabricating complex aerospace components is diffusion bonding. We wish to join a nickel sheet, intended to rapidly transfer lightning strike data away from critical locations, to an FCC iron (stainless steel) plate. We find that we can accomplish a good bond in 8 hours when the two metals are joined at 800°C. How long will it take to obtain an equally good bond if we decide to perform the bonding at 600°C? (Assume that the quality of the bond is determined by the rate of diffusion into the FCC iron).arrow_forwardwhy diffusion coefficient of caarbon inBCC and FCC iron at temperature 912 is different?arrow_forward
- Calculate the diffusion coefficient for the interdiffusion of Zinc into Copper at 500 °C .arrow_forwardHow does atomic diffusion in solids affect the performance and reliability of mechanical components in high-temperature environments?arrow_forwardWhy is atomic diffusion called a thermal activation process? What does the thermal activation energy represent? How does the diffusion rate depend on temperature?arrow_forward
- 6. (20%) Pure zinc is to be diffused into the copper by dipping copper into molten zinc at 450°C. Calculate how long would take to obtain 10wt% zinc at a depth of 0.5 mm beneath the copper surface. Is this commercially feasible? What practical problems might arise if we raise the temperature to 1000°C ? Use Table below for error function values as needed. At 450°C, the diffusion coefficient D = 6.3 10-17 m²/s.arrow_forwardWhat does(do) determine a diffusion coefficient (diffusivity)? (choose all)a. Concentration gradientb. Diffusing species and host metalc. Geometryd. Temperaturearrow_forwardAnswer in 2 to 3 sentences. How does point defect affects the property of a material. Why does diffusion in solids important? Why do we need to study the mechanical properties of a metal?arrow_forward
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