Chapter 7, Problem 91A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The similarities between an ionic bond and a metallic bond needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecules are bound together by different types of bonds namely ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds are formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. These atoms either lose or gain electrons to become negatively or positively charged ions. The forces of attraction between these ions cause the ionic bond formation and are strong bonds. Metallic bonds are those where the metal forms metal ions which are embedded in a sea of electrons.

Answer to Problem 91A

The metallic and ionic bonds are both having cations and valence electrons are either surrounded or transferred.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other. The metal atoms, and electrons donor, lose electrons to form a positively charged ion while the non-metal atoms, electron acceptor, gain electrons to form negatively charged ions. During the process of donating or gaining electrons, the atoms follow the octet rule to attain a stable noble gas configuration.

Metallic bonds are formed when metal ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons. Its ionization energy is low. Due to the presence of empty orbitals, the metal atoms overlap their valence orbitals and lose their valence electrons.

Similarities between metallic and ionic bonds

• Both have cations
• The valence electrons are surrounded or transferred.

Conclusion

The main similarities metallic and ionic bonds are both having cations and valence electrons are either surrounded or transferred.