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The operation of a constant density plug flow reactor for the production of a substance via an enzymatic reaction is described by the equation below, where V is the volume of the reactor, F is the flow rate of reactant
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- 4. One mole of helium gas is injected into each side of a slidable, airtight lead piston that separates two chambers of a sealed cylinder. The outside of the cylinder is insulated everywhere except where noted below. The cylinder and piston have lengths and cross- sectional area labeled in the diagram. The helium in the left chamber is heated from outside at a rate of 450 W, and the helium in the other chamber expels heat into a cool region. The full system eventually comes to steady-state. When it reaches steady state, the force needed to hold on the end cap is measured to be 18,000 N, and the piston has slid to an equilibrium point that is a distance à from the left end. force holding cap = 18,000N pressure. cross-sectional area of cylinder = 0.02m² x = ? Imol He do dt = +450W 45cm 15cm lead piston a. Find the temperature difference of the two chambers. b. Find the distance x. dQ dt Assume helium behaves as an ideal gas, and that heat transfer through the container walls is…arrow_forwardAccording to the U.S. Geological survey, the volume of water in oceans, seas, and bays is 1.41 ✕ 1018 m3. The average concentration of naturally occurring uranium in seawater is 3.15 ✕ 10−6 kg/m3. If 0.670% of naturally occurring uranium is the fissionable isotope U-235 and each fission reaction yields 200 MeV, estimate the amount of time the uranium in the seawater on the planet could meet the planet's energy needs at an average usage of 1.94 ✕ 1013 J/s.arrow_forwardHeat transfer to and from a reaction flask is often a critical factor in controlling reaction rate. The heat transferred (q) depends on a heat transfer coefficient (h) for the flask material, the temperature difference (∆T) across the flask wall, and the commonly “wetted” area (A) of the flask and bath, q = hA∆T. When an exothermic reaction is run at a given T, there is a bath temperature at which the reaction can no longer be controlled, and the reaction “runs away” suddenly. A similar problem is often seen when a reaction is “scaled up” from, say, a half-filled small flask to a half-filled large flask. Explain these behaviors.arrow_forward
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- 250 degrees saturated steam enters a steam coil. The steam is condensed in the coil, leaving as a saturated liquid also at 250 degrees. The rate of heat loss to the environment is 1.5 J/s. The methanol to be heated is fed into the fermenter at 20 degrees and is at 45 degrees. If 150kg of biomass with a specific enthalpy change of 81.5 J/g flows into the process per hour, how many kilograms of steam are needed per hour? What is the volumetric flow of steam?arrow_forwardA container is filled with a mixture of 2 fluids having densities of 5 kg/L (fluid A) and 400 kg/m^3 (fluid . What will be the overall density (in g/cm^3) of the mixture of 1/3 of the container is filled with fluid A and 1/4 is filled with fluid B?arrow_forwardA mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) 1 atm pressure piston cylinder From previous experiments, this chemical reaction is known to absorb 322. kJ of energy. water bath The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 188. kJ of heat flows out of the gases system during the reaction. O exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O endothermic O up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or ? O down down? O neither O in Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O does work Does the gas mixture do work, or is work done on it? O work done on it O neither How much work is done on (or by) the gas mixture? Be sure your answer has the correct number of…arrow_forward
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