Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 34CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The possible number of chromosomes in mother and father having a daughter with familial Downsyndrome(46 chromosomes) and a son who is phenotypically affected (45 chromosomes).
Introduction:
The process in which a piece of one chromosome detaches itself and gets attached to another chromosome is known as translocation. Translocation can be of two types, namely, balanced and unbalanced translocations. Balanced translocation does not cause any change in the amount of genetic material. Unbalanced translocation is the one wherein the exchange of the chromosomal material is unequal leading to an extra or missing number of genes.
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In a sample of 1000 patients with Down syndrome, a geneticist discovers that 95% of them are trisomic, while 5% have diploid number of chromosomes. Explain this discrepancy.
The karyotype of a young girl who is affected with familialDown syndrome revealed a total of 46 chromosomes. Her olderbrother, however, who is phenotypically unaffected, actually had45 chromosomes. Explain how this could happen. What wouldyou expect to be the numbers of chromosomes in the parents ofthese two children?
In the classic "X" figure of the chromosome, is the whole X from one parent, or is one side of the X from the mother and the other side from the father?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 8.1 - 1. A chromosome that is metacentric has its...Ch. 8.1 - Staining eukaryotic chromosomes is useful because...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 8.3 - Which of the following statements is correct? a....Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 8.4 - 1. A paracentric inversion
a. includes the...Ch. 8.4 - Due to crossing over within an inversion loop, a...Ch. 8.4 - 3. A mechanism that may cause a translocation is...Ch. 8.5 - 1. Humans have 23 chromosomes per set. A person...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 8.7 - The term endopolyploidy refers to the phenomenon...Ch. 8.7 - 2. In agriculture, an advantage of triploidy in...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 8.8 - The somatic cells of an allotetraploid contain a....Ch. 8 - 1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 8 - 3. How does a chromosomal duplication occur?
Ch. 8 - 4. What is a gene family? How are gene families...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 8 - Two chromosomes have the following orders for...Ch. 8 - An inversion heterozygote has the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 8 - Explain why inversions and reciprocal...Ch. 8 - 10. An individual has the following reciprocal...Ch. 8 - A phenotypically normal individual has the...Ch. 8 - 12. Two phenotypically normal parents produce a...Ch. 8 - With regard to the segregation of centromeres, why...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 8 - 16. A phenotypically abnormal individual has a...Ch. 8 - 17. A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 8 - 20. Aneuploidy is typically detrimental, whereas...Ch. 8 - 21. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 8 - 23. A cytogeneticist has collected tissue samples...Ch. 8 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 8 - A zookeeper has collected a male and a female...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 8 - 27. What is mosaicism? How is it produced?
Ch. 8 - 28. Explain how polytene chromosomes of Drosophila...Ch. 8 - 29. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid...Ch. 8 - 30. While conducting field studies on a chain of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 8 - Which of the following terms should not be used to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 8 - A triploid plant has 18 chromosomes (i.e., 6...Ch. 8 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 8 - 38. A woman who is heterozygous, Bb, has brown...Ch. 8 - 39. What is an allodiploid? What factor determines...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40CONQCh. 8 - 41. Table 8.1 shows that Turner syndrome occurs...Ch. 8 - 42. Male honeybees, which are haploid, produce...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1EQCh. 8 - Prob. 2EQCh. 8 - With regard to the analysis of chromosome...Ch. 8 - 4. Describe how colchicine can be used to alter...Ch. 8 - 5. Describe the steps you would take to produce a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6EQCh. 8 - What are G bands? Discuss how G bands are useful...Ch. 8 - A female fruit fly has one normal X chromosome and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2QSDCCh. 8 - Besides the ones mentioned in this textbook, look...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4QSDCCh. 8 - 5. Discuss the importance of gene families at the...
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- People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21, for a total of 47 chromosomes. However, in a few cases of Down syndrome, 46 chromosomes are present. This total includes two normal-looking chromosomes 21, one normal chromosome 14, and a longer-than-normal chromosome 14. Interpret this observation. How can these individuals have 46 chromosomes?arrow_forwardNormally you cant inherit both copies of a homologous chromosome from the same parent. Why? Assuming that no crossing over has occurred, how likely is it that one of your non-sex chromosomes is an exact copy of the same chromosome your maternal grandmother had? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardGiven the karyotype shown at right, is this a male or a female? Normal or abnormal? What would the phenotype of this individual be?arrow_forward
- Human sex chromosomes are XX for females and XY for males. a. With respect to an X-linked gene, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele?arrow_forwardWhy is random assortment of chromosomes necessary? What can we expect if this does not occur?arrow_forwardWhat kind of chromosomal mutations is/are produced by unequal crossing over?arrow_forward
- The ABO blood type locus has been mapped on chromosome 9. A father who has type AB blood and a mother who has type O blood have a child with trisomy 9 and type A blood. Using this information, can you tell in which parent the nondisjunction occurred? Explain your answerarrow_forwardWhy would extra or missing chromosomes result to abnormal phenotypes?arrow_forwardbased on fig 1. Is this karyotype a male or female? Which chromosome is the longest and has the most genes? Which chromosome is the shortest and has the fewest genes? In a normal karyotype, how many autosomal chromosomes are there? identify the disorder in the above karyotype. Why?arrow_forward
- Why are the X and Y chromosomes not considered homologous even though they recombine at the PAR region?arrow_forwardWhy does chromosome 21 come first before chromosome 22? If chromosome 21 is smaller than chromosome 22, and if the karyogram is arranged from largest to smallest shouldn’t chromosome 22 be first over chromosome 21?arrow_forwardThe karyotype of a young girl who is affected with Down syndrome revealed that she has 46 chromosomes. Her phenotypically normal older brother's karyotype revealed that he has 45 chromosomes. (a) Propose an explanantion for the chromosome number in both children (b) What would you expect the chromosome number of the parents of these two children?arrow_forward
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