"Laminar" fountains have become quite popular due to the desirable aesthetics that result from a smooth shaped fluid held together with its own surface tension during flight. Check out videos of "laminar fountain" on the web. To convert turbulent to laminar flow a conduit is often transitioned to a large diameter, and then subdivided into many smaller ones, sometimes called straighteners. Calculate the Reynolds number for a pipe that is originally
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Applied Fluid Mechanics (7th Edition)
- A straight transfer pipe of length L = 10 m and D = 1 cm carries a liquid in highly turbulent flow at a pressure drop DPinit; this pipe must be altered to accommodate a new unit operation in a process, but must maintain the same flow. The old and new geometry are indicated in the sketch below. This adds length DL = 1 m, and adds 2 short-radius 90-degree bends; the diameter remains the same. What fractional increase in pressure drop from DPinit is required to maintain the same flow rate?arrow_forwardWarm oil (s.g. 0.92) flows in a 2 in. or 50 mm smooth brass pipeline at a mean velocity of 8 ft/s or 2.4 m/s and Reynolds number 7 500. Calculate the wall shear stress. As the oil cools, its viscosity increases; what higher viscosity will produce the same shear stress? Neglect variation in specific gravity. The flowrate does not change.arrow_forwardSulfuric acid with a density of 1980 kg / m3 and a viscosity of 26.7 cP flows in a pipe with a diameter of 35 mm. If the acid flow rate is 1.55 m3 / min, what is the pressure loss due to friction in a 30 m long smooth pipe? a. Reynold number = b. Loss of Pressure =arrow_forward
- Concrete with a viscosity of 48.0 N/m^2 · s and density of 2300 kg/m^3 is pumped through an 8.00cm diameter hose at a flow rate of 148 L/min from a cement mixer to the place it is being laid, instead of being carried in wheelbarrows. Calculate the Reynolds number for this flow of concrete and classify the flow rate. (a) Calculate the Reynolds number for this flow of concrete. (b) This flow is classified as which of the following? laminar turbulent unstablearrow_forwardA centrifugal pump is used to supply a highly viscous fluid to a chemical plant. The chemicalplant is located at a height of 20 m from the pumping station level. The flow rate required tobe pumped is 0.005 m3 /s. The pipe diameter used for pumping is 30 cm and the total length ofthe pipeline is 50 m. The pipe exits to atmospheric conditions. Compute the Reynolds numberand determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Determine the pressure that should bedelivered by the pump at its exit in order to maintain the flow. Also compute the power inputfor the pump assuming a pump efficiency of 100 %. Take the viscosity of the fluid to be0.01Pa.s. Take the density of the fluid to be 1500 Kg/m3 .arrow_forwardLiquid fertiliser of density 1100 kg/m3 is being pumped along a pipe of diameter 15 cm at a constant rate of 5.25 kg/s. Calculate the average speed of the flow.arrow_forward
- An oil with density of 900 kg/m2 and viscosity of 0.0002 m2/s flows upward through a 10 m long pipe segment inclined at 40℃ with the horizontal. The pressure a the upstream and downstream end of the pipe are 350 kPa and 250 kPa, respectively. The diameter of the pipe is 60 mm. Assume the flow is laminar. What is the head loss along the pipe segment? 3.77 4.9 5.35 6.1 What is the velocity of the fluid flow? 3.37 2.95 2.08 2.7 Which of the following gives the Reynold’s number? 810.9 624.21 1011.15 885.63arrow_forwardThere are two fully open gate valves (KV= 2 m) and three 90° elbows (K90°= 2.2 m) on the horizontal 4 cm diameter and 100 m long line, through which water flows with a flow rate of 0.007 m3/second. Calculate the friction loss and the pressure drop due to friction in the flow in a pipe with a roughness value of (ε)0.01 cm. (Water viscosity= 10-3 kgm/s)arrow_forwardPlease solve using turbulent flow equations.arrow_forward
- estimate the distance X required to obtain a volume flow rate of 7.1 x 10^-3 m^3/s.arrow_forward9. In a completely turbulent flow, the head lossa. Increases with velocityb. Increases with velocity squaredc. Decreases with wall roughnessd. Increases with diameterarrow_forwardA crude oil of specific gravity 0.85 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm and the frictional head loss of 4.5 m of crude oil between the two ends of a pipe which are 700 m apart. Calculate the Reynold's Number, discharge of crude oil in the pipe. Take co - efficient of friction as 0.0075 and kinematic viscosity as 14 stokes. 1) The velocity of flow of oil in the pipe is (m/s) 2) The Reynold's Number for the flow is 3) Discharge of crude oil through pipe (in m3/s) isarrow_forward
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