Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The observation that cis-diol A cleaved approximately I million times faster than the trans-diol B is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The cleavage of
To explain:
The observation that cis-diol A cleaved approximately 1 million times faster than the trans-diol B is to be explained.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Bundle: Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version, 9th + LMS Integrated for OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- Compelling evidence for the existence of a tetrahedral intermediate in nucleophilic acyl substitution was obtained in a series of elegant experiments carried out by Myron Bender in 1951. The key experiment was the reaction of aqueous −OH with ethyl benzoate (C6H5COOCH2CH3) labeled at the carbonyl oxygen with 18O. Bender did not allow the hydrolysis to go to completion, and then examined the presence of a label in the recovered starting material. He found that some of the recovered ethyl benzoate no longer contained a label at the carbonyl oxygen. With reference to the accepted mechanism of nucleophilic acyl substitution, explain how this provides evidence for a tetrahedral intermediate.arrow_forwardCompelling evidence for the existence of a tetrahedral intermediate in nucleophilic acyl substitution was obtained in a series of elegant experiments carried out by Myron Bender in 1951. The key experiment was the reaction of aqueous−OH with ethyl benzoate (C6H5COOCH2CH3) labeled at the carbonyl oxygen with 18O. Bender did not allow the hydrolysis to go to completion, and then examined the presence of a label in the recovered starting material. He found that some of the recovered ethyl benzoate no longer contained a label at the carbonyl oxygen. With reference to the accepted mechanism of nucleophllic acyl substitution, explain how this provides evidence for a tetrahedral intermediate.arrow_forwardComplete the reaction schemes below providing the reagents required to achieve thetransformation. More than one step may be necessary for each scheme.arrow_forward
- A key step in the synthesis of naproxen, an NSAID more commonly known by its brand name, Aleve (Section 3.9), is a coupling reaction of 2-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene to form 2-methoxy-6-vinylnaphthalene. Show three different coupling reactions, and the required reagents, that could be used tocarry out this step.arrow_forwardDraw two complete elimination reactions including mechanisms (Zaitsev and Hoffman products) of 2 - fluoro-2-methylpentane. Indicate the reaction productsand provide the detailed justification regarding which reagents (bases) you chose for each product and why.arrow_forwardwe know that ethers, such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, are quite resistant to the action of dilute acids and require hot concentrated HI or HBr for cleavage. However, acetals in which two ether groups are linked to the same carbon undergo hydrolysis readily, even in dilute aqueous acid. How do you account for this marked difference in chemical reactivity toward dilute aqueous acid between ethers and acetals?arrow_forward
- Propose a mechanism and use stability factors to account for the formation of a major product in the reaction of pyrrole with Br2, FeBr3.arrow_forwardDoxaprost, an orally active bronchodilator patterned after the natural prostaglandins , is synthesized in the following series of reactions starting with ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate. Except for the Nef reaction in Step 8, we have seen examples of all other types of reactions involved in this synthesis. Q. Propose a set of experimental conditions to bring about the alkylation in Step 1. Account for the regioselectivity of the alkylation (i.e., that it takes place on the carbon between the two carbonyl groups rather than on the other side of the ketone carbonyl).arrow_forwardAcetoxybenzene (PhOC(=O)OCH3) is much less reactive than ethoxybenzene (PhOCH2CH3) in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Suggest an explanation for this result, based on an analysis of the inductive and resonance electronic effects of the two substituents on the stability of theWheland intermediate for para substitution by an electrophile E+arrow_forward
- ] The reaction of 2-bromopropane and sodium ethoxide in ethanol reacts 6.7 times faster than 2-bromo-1-deuteriopropane under the same conditions. Explain what mechanism this data is consistent with, and whyarrow_forwardDraw a structural formula for the major organic product of each reaction and specify the most likely mechanism by which each is formed. (g) CH3CH2ONa++CH2=CHCH2Clethanolarrow_forwardA student in Ochem proposed the following synthesis. Explain the problem with this approach and provide the necessary reagents to convert halohydrin A to alkene B (more than one step is required) in addition provide the product after each step. Provide the mechanism and expected actual final product from the reaction of halohydrin A with LDAarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning