Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.12, Problem 13P
a)
To determine
The sketch of the
b)
To determine
The back work ratio of the air standard cycle
c)
To determine
The thermal efficiency of the given Air standard cycle
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An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a closed system with 0.0045 kg of air and consists of the following three processes:
1–2 v = Constant heat addition from 95 kPa and 17°C to 380 kPa
2–3 Isentropic expansion to 95 kPa
3–1 P = Constant heat rejection to initial state Use data from tables.
Calculate the thermal efficiency % ?
Hint : The answer should be a percentage
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An air-standard cycle is executed within a closed piston–cylinder system and consists of three processes as follows: 1→2: constant-volume head addition from 100 kPa and 27°C to 850 kPa 2→3: isothermal expansion until ?3 =7?2 3→1: constant-pressure heat rejection to the initial state. Assuming that air has constant properties with Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K, γ = 1.4 and R=0.287 kJ/kg.K (a) Sketch the T-S and P-V diagram of the cycle (b) Determine the ratio of the compression work to the expansion work (c) Calculate the cycle thermal efficiency
An air-standard cycle with constant specific heats is executed in a closed piston–cylinder system and is composed of the following three processes: 1-2 Isentropic compression with a compression ratio r = V1/V2 2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition 3-1 Constant-volume heat rejection (a) Sketch the P-v and T-s diagrams for this cycle. (b) Obtain an expression for the back work ratio as a function of k and r.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 9.12 - What are the air-standard assumptions?Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between air-standard...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 3PCh. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle,...Ch. 9.12 - How are the combustion and exhaust processes...Ch. 9.12 - What does the area enclosed by the cycle represent...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 7PCh. 9.12 - Can the mean effective pressure of an automobile...Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between spark-ignition and...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 11PCh. 9.12 - Can any ideal gas power cycle have a thermal...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 13PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 14PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 15PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 16PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 17PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 18PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 19PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 919 using helium as the working...Ch. 9.12 - The thermal energy reservoirs of an ideal gas...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - What four processes make up the ideal Otto cycle?Ch. 9.12 - Are the processes that make up the Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How do the efficiencies of the ideal Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Why are high compression ratios not used in...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with a specified compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 30PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 31PCh. 9.12 - Determine the mean effective pressure of an ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 932E. Determine the rate of heat...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 36PCh. 9.12 - A spark-ignition engine has a compression ratio of...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 39PCh. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 940E using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Someone has suggested that the air-standard Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 942 when isentropic processes are...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 44PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 45PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 46PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 47PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 48PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 49PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 50PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 51PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 52PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 53PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 54PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 55PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 56PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 57PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 957, but replace the isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 60PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 61PCh. 9.12 - The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 962 using constant specific heats at...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 65PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 66PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 67PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle, called the dual cycle, with...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 69PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 70PCh. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Otto, Stirling, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Diesel, Ericsson, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Ericsson engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 75PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 76PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 77PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 78PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 79PCh. 9.12 - For fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what...Ch. 9.12 - What is the back work ratio? What are typical back...Ch. 9.12 - Why are the back work ratios relatively high in...Ch. 9.12 - How do the inefficiencies of the turbine and the...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the...Ch. 9.12 - A stationary gas-turbine power plant operates on a...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 87PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 88PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiencies...Ch. 9.12 - Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - An aircraft engine operates on a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 993 for a pressure ratio of 15.Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle uses argon as the...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on a modified...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operating on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 99PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 100PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 101PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 102PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 103PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 104PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine for an automobile is designed with a...Ch. 9.12 - Rework Prob. 9105 when the compressor isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine engine operates on the ideal Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal regenerator (T3 = T5) is added to a...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 109PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 111PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 113PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 114PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 115PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 116PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 117PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 118PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 119PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 120PCh. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle without regeneration...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle is modified to...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9123 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with two...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9125, assuming an efficiency of 86...Ch. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 128PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 129PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 130PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 131PCh. 9.12 - Air at 7C enters a turbojet engine at a rate of 16...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 133PCh. 9.12 - A turbojet is flying with a velocity of 900 ft/s...Ch. 9.12 - A pure jet engine propels an aircraft at 240 m/s...Ch. 9.12 - A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 137PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 138PCh. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 9138E. How much change would...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an aircraft powered by a turbojet engine...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 144PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 145PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 146PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 147PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 150PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 153PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 155RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 156RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 157RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 158RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 159RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 160RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 161RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an engine operating on the ideal Diesel...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9162 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 164RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 165RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 166RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 167RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Stirling cycle using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 169RPCh. 9.12 - Consider a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 171RPCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 15...Ch. 9.12 - Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with one stage...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 176RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 177RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 180RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 181RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 182RPCh. 9.12 - For specified limits for the maximum and minimum...Ch. 9.12 - A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 194FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 195FEPCh. 9.12 - Helium gas in an ideal Otto cycle is compressed...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 197FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 198FEPCh. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Brayton cycle executed between...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, argon...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, air...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a gas turbine that has a pressure ratio...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal gas turbine cycle with many stages of...
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- An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a closed system with 0.0055 kg of air and consists of the following three processes: 1–2 v = Constant heat addition from 95 kPa and 17°C to 380 kPa 2–3 Isentropic expansion to 95 kPa 3–1 P = Constant heat rejection to initial state Use data from tables. Determine the thermal efficiency. The thermal efficiency is %arrow_forwardThermodynamics Answer the following questions with complete solutions. write legibly An engine operates with air on the cycle shown with isentropic processes 1 - 2 and 3 - 4, and constant volume processes at 2 - 3 and 4 - 1. If the compression ratio (r) is 12, the minimum pressure is 200 kPa, and the maximum pressure is 10 MPa, determine the net cycle work (Wcycle) in terms of the final volume of isentropic compression process (V2). (Note: r = V1/V2 = V4/V3).arrow_forwardOTTO CYCLE The compression ratio of an ideal Otto cycle is 8. Air is 95 kPa and 27 Celsius at the start of thecompression operation, and 750 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant-volumeheat-addition process. The variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) the pressure and temperature at the end of the heat-addition process, (b) the net work output, (c) the thermal efficiency, and (d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle. Show complete solution.arrow_forward
- A Brayton cycle with an air-powered regenerator has a pressure ratio of 8. The lowest and highest temperatures of the cycle are 310 K and 1150 K. The adiabatic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 75% and 82%, respectively, and the efficiency of the regenerator is 65%. Show the cycle in the T-s diagram. Consider the variation of specific heats with temperature. a) the temperature of the air at the exit of the turbine, b) the working of the cycle, c) Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle.arrow_forwardAn air-standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 350 and 1200 K. The pressures before and after the isothermal compression are 150 and 300 kPa, respectively. If the net work output per cycle is 0.5 kJ, determine (a) the maximum pressure in the cycle, (b) the heat transfer to air, and (c) the mass of air. Assume variable specific heats for air.arrow_forwardAn air-standard cycle with variable specific heats isexecuted in a closed system and is composed of the followingfour processes:1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 228C to600 kPa2-3 v = constant heat addition to 1500 K3-4 Isentropic expansion to 100 kPa4-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state(a) Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.(b) Calculate the net work output per unit mass.(c) Determine the thermal efficiency.arrow_forward
- An air-standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.5 kg of air and consists of the following three processes: 1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 27C to 1 MPa 2-3 P = constant heat addition in the amount of 416 kJ 3-1 = 5 c1v + c2 heat rejection to initial state (c1 and c2 are constants) (a) Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams. (b) Calculate the heat rejected. (c) Determine the thermal efficiency. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.arrow_forwardAn air-standard cycle with variable specific heats isexecuted in a closed system and is composed of the followingfour processes:1-2 v = constant heat addition from 14.7 psia and 80F inthe amount of 300 Btu/lbm2-3 P = constant heat addition to 3200 R3-4 Isentropic expansion to 14.7 psia4-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state(a) Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.(b) Calculate the total heat input per unit mass.(c) Determine the thermal efficiency.arrow_forwardA Brayton cycle with an air-powered regenerator has a pressure ratio of 8. The lowest and highest temperatures of the cycle are 310 K and 1150 K. The adiabatic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 75% and 82%, respectively, and the efficiency of the regenerator is 65%. Show the cycle in the T-s diagram. Consider the variation of specific heats with temperature. a) The temperature of the air at the turbine exit, b) Net work of the cycle, c) Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle.arrow_forward
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