Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.12, Problem 194FEP
To determine
The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle.
- (a)
- (b)
- (c)
- (d)
- (e)
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How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle change with the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid?
Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a compressor inlet temperature of 300 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 1000 K. Determine the required mass flow rate of air for a net power output of 70 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic efficiency of 100 percent.
A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 7. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 1150 K. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 75 percent for the compressor and 82 percent for the turbine and an effectiveness of 65 percent for the regenerator, determine the air temperature at the turbine exit.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 9.12 - What are the air-standard assumptions?Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between air-standard...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 3PCh. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle,...Ch. 9.12 - How are the combustion and exhaust processes...Ch. 9.12 - What does the area enclosed by the cycle represent...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 7PCh. 9.12 - Can the mean effective pressure of an automobile...Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between spark-ignition and...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 11PCh. 9.12 - Can any ideal gas power cycle have a thermal...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 13PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 14PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 15PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 16PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 17PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 18PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 19PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 919 using helium as the working...Ch. 9.12 - The thermal energy reservoirs of an ideal gas...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - What four processes make up the ideal Otto cycle?Ch. 9.12 - Are the processes that make up the Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How do the efficiencies of the ideal Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Why are high compression ratios not used in...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with a specified compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 30PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 31PCh. 9.12 - Determine the mean effective pressure of an ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 932E. Determine the rate of heat...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 36PCh. 9.12 - A spark-ignition engine has a compression ratio of...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 39PCh. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 940E using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Someone has suggested that the air-standard Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 942 when isentropic processes are...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 44PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 45PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 46PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 47PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 48PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 49PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 50PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 51PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 52PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 53PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 54PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 55PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 56PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 57PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 957, but replace the isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 60PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 61PCh. 9.12 - The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 962 using constant specific heats at...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 65PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 66PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 67PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle, called the dual cycle, with...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 69PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 70PCh. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Otto, Stirling, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Diesel, Ericsson, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Ericsson engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 75PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 76PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 77PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 78PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 79PCh. 9.12 - For fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what...Ch. 9.12 - What is the back work ratio? What are typical back...Ch. 9.12 - Why are the back work ratios relatively high in...Ch. 9.12 - How do the inefficiencies of the turbine and the...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the...Ch. 9.12 - A stationary gas-turbine power plant operates on a...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 87PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 88PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiencies...Ch. 9.12 - Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - An aircraft engine operates on a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 993 for a pressure ratio of 15.Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle uses argon as the...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on a modified...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operating on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 99PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 100PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 101PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 102PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 103PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 104PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine for an automobile is designed with a...Ch. 9.12 - Rework Prob. 9105 when the compressor isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine engine operates on the ideal Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal regenerator (T3 = T5) is added to a...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 109PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 111PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 113PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 114PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 115PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 116PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 117PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 118PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 119PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 120PCh. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle without regeneration...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle is modified to...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9123 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with two...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9125, assuming an efficiency of 86...Ch. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 128PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 129PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 130PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 131PCh. 9.12 - Air at 7C enters a turbojet engine at a rate of 16...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 133PCh. 9.12 - A turbojet is flying with a velocity of 900 ft/s...Ch. 9.12 - A pure jet engine propels an aircraft at 240 m/s...Ch. 9.12 - A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 137PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 138PCh. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 9138E. How much change would...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an aircraft powered by a turbojet engine...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 144PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 145PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 146PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 147PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 150PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 153PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 155RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 156RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 157RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 158RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 159RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 160RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 161RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an engine operating on the ideal Diesel...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9162 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 164RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 165RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 166RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 167RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Stirling cycle using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 169RPCh. 9.12 - Consider a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 171RPCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 15...Ch. 9.12 - Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with one stage...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 176RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 177RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 180RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 181RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 182RPCh. 9.12 - For specified limits for the maximum and minimum...Ch. 9.12 - A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 194FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 195FEPCh. 9.12 - Helium gas in an ideal Otto cycle is compressed...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 197FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 198FEPCh. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Brayton cycle executed between...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, argon...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, air...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a gas turbine that has a pressure ratio...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal gas turbine cycle with many stages of...
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- A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 7. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 1150 K. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 75 percent for the compressor and 82 percent for the turbine and an effectiveness of 65 percent for the regenerator, determine the net work output.arrow_forwardQ11) An ideal Diesel cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 18 and cutoff ratio of 2. At the beginning of the compression process, the working fluid is at 100 kPa and 300 K, and 0.002 m3. Utilizing the cold-air standard assumptions, and assume the specific heats are constants, determine: a- The temperature and pressure of the air at the end of each process. b- The net output and the thermal efficiency, and c- The mean effective pressure.arrow_forward1.An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 105 kPa and 28 °C, and 850 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant-volume heat-addition process. Taking into account the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (i) the pressure and temperature at the end of the heat addition process, (ii) the net work output, (iii) the thermal efficiency, and (iv) the mean effective pressure for the cycle.arrow_forward
- An ideal gas Carnot cycle uses helium as the working fluid and rejects heat to a lake at 15°C. Determine the pressure ratio, compression ratio, and minimum temperature of the heat source for this cycle to have a thermal efficiency of 50 percent.arrow_forwardWhy is the Carnot cycle not suitable as an ideal cycle for all power-producing cyclic devices?arrow_forwardA brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 5. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 360 and 1250 K. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 80% for the compressor and 85% for the turbine, an effectiveness of 70% for the regenerator, a source temperature of 1200 K, an ambient temperature of 298 K. and an ambient pressure of 100 kPa, determine the following1- The air temperature at the turbine exit2- The net work output3- The thermal efficiency4- The total energy destruction5- The energy of the exhaust gases at the exit of the regeneratorarrow_forward
- What is the thermal efficiency in an otto cycle using air if it has a compression constant of 8?arrow_forwardFor fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what is the effect of the pressure ratio on the net work output of a simple ideal Brayton cycle?arrow_forwardWhat is the cutoff ratio? How does it affect the thermal efficiency of a Diesel cycle?arrow_forward
- Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton cycle with regeneration. The pressure ratio of the cycle is 8, the compressor inlet temperature is 300 K, and the turbine inlet temperature is 1800 K. The effectiveness of the regenerator is 75 percent. Determine the thermal efficiency and the required mass flow rate of helium for a net power output of 60 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic efficiency of (a) 100 percent and (b) 80 percent.arrow_forwardAn ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. The minimum and maximum temperature in the cycle are 300 and 1340 K. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine, a.the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat-addition process b.the thermal efficiency, and c.the thermal efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature limits Answers: 567.72 kJ/kg, 53.0%, 77.6 %arrow_forwardA spark-ignition engine has a compression ratio of 10, an isentropic compression efficiency of 85 percent, and an isentropic expansion efficiency of 90 percent. At the beginning of the compression, the air in the cylinder is at 13 psia and 60°F. The maximum gas temperature is found to be 2300°F by measurement. Determine the heat supplied per unit mass, the thermal efficiency, and the mean effective pressure of this engine when modeled with the Otto cycle. Use constant specific heats at room temperature. The properties of air at room temperature are R = 0.3704 psia·ft3/lbm·R, cp = 0.240 Btu/lbm·R, cv = 0.171 Btu/lbm·R, and k = 1.4. Question: The heat supplied per unit mass is ___________.Btu/lbm. The thermal efficiency is_________________%. The mean effective pressure is________________.psia.arrow_forward
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