Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.12, Problem 92P
Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a compressor inlet temperature of 300 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 1000 K. Determine the required mass flow rate of air for a net power output of 70 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic efficiency of (a) 100 percent and (b) 85 percent. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
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Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a compressor inlet temperature of 300 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 1000 K. Determine the required mass flow rate of air for a net power output of 70 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic efficiency of 85 percent. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from 100 kPa and 25°C to 1 MPa, and then heated to 927°C before entering the turbine. Under cold-air-standard conditions, the air temperature at the turbine exit is (a) 349°C (b) 426°C (c) 622°C (d) 733°C (e) 825°C
Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton cycle with regeneration. The pressure ratio of the cycle is 8, the compressor inlet temperature is 300 K, and the turbine inlet temperature is 1800 K. The effectiveness of the regenerator is 75 percent. Determine the thermal efficiency and the required mass flow rate of helium for a net power output of 60 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic efficiency of (a) 100 percent and (b) 80 percent.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 9.12 - What are the air-standard assumptions?Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between air-standard...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 3PCh. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle,...Ch. 9.12 - How are the combustion and exhaust processes...Ch. 9.12 - What does the area enclosed by the cycle represent...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 7PCh. 9.12 - Can the mean effective pressure of an automobile...Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between spark-ignition and...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 11PCh. 9.12 - Can any ideal gas power cycle have a thermal...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 13PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 14PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 15PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 16PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 17PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 18PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 19PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 919 using helium as the working...Ch. 9.12 - The thermal energy reservoirs of an ideal gas...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - What four processes make up the ideal Otto cycle?Ch. 9.12 - Are the processes that make up the Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How do the efficiencies of the ideal Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Why are high compression ratios not used in...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with a specified compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 30PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 31PCh. 9.12 - Determine the mean effective pressure of an ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 932E. Determine the rate of heat...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 36PCh. 9.12 - A spark-ignition engine has a compression ratio of...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 39PCh. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 940E using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Someone has suggested that the air-standard Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 942 when isentropic processes are...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 44PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 45PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 46PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 47PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 48PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 49PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 50PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 51PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 52PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 53PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 54PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 55PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 56PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 57PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 957, but replace the isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 60PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 61PCh. 9.12 - The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 962 using constant specific heats at...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 65PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 66PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 67PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle, called the dual cycle, with...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 69PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 70PCh. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Otto, Stirling, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Diesel, Ericsson, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Ericsson engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 75PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 76PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 77PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 78PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 79PCh. 9.12 - For fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what...Ch. 9.12 - What is the back work ratio? What are typical back...Ch. 9.12 - Why are the back work ratios relatively high in...Ch. 9.12 - How do the inefficiencies of the turbine and the...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the...Ch. 9.12 - A stationary gas-turbine power plant operates on a...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 87PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 88PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiencies...Ch. 9.12 - Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - An aircraft engine operates on a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 993 for a pressure ratio of 15.Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle uses argon as the...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on a modified...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operating on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 99PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 100PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 101PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 102PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 103PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 104PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine for an automobile is designed with a...Ch. 9.12 - Rework Prob. 9105 when the compressor isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine engine operates on the ideal Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal regenerator (T3 = T5) is added to a...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 109PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 111PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 113PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 114PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 115PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 116PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 117PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 118PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 119PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 120PCh. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle without regeneration...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle is modified to...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9123 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with two...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9125, assuming an efficiency of 86...Ch. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 128PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 129PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 130PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 131PCh. 9.12 - Air at 7C enters a turbojet engine at a rate of 16...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 133PCh. 9.12 - A turbojet is flying with a velocity of 900 ft/s...Ch. 9.12 - A pure jet engine propels an aircraft at 240 m/s...Ch. 9.12 - A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 137PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 138PCh. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 9138E. How much change would...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an aircraft powered by a turbojet engine...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 144PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 145PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 146PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 147PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 150PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 153PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 155RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 156RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 157RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 158RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 159RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 160RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 161RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an engine operating on the ideal Diesel...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9162 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 164RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 165RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 166RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 167RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Stirling cycle using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 169RPCh. 9.12 - Consider a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 171RPCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 15...Ch. 9.12 - Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with one stage...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 176RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 177RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 180RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 181RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 182RPCh. 9.12 - For specified limits for the maximum and minimum...Ch. 9.12 - A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 194FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 195FEPCh. 9.12 - Helium gas in an ideal Otto cycle is compressed...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 197FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 198FEPCh. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Brayton cycle executed between...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, argon...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, air...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a gas turbine that has a pressure ratio...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal gas turbine cycle with many stages of...
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- Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton cycle with regeneration. The pressure ratio of the cycle is 8, the compressor inlet temperature is 300 K, and the turbine inlet temperature is 1800 K. The effectiveness of the regenerator is 75 percent. Determine the thermal efficiency and the required mass flow rate of helium for a net power output of 60 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic efficiency of 100 percent.arrow_forwardFor a specified compression ratio, is a diesel or gasoline engine more efficient?arrow_forwardAir enters the compressor of a gas turbine at 100 kPa and 25°C. Determine the back work rate and thermal efficiency of the Brayton cycle for a pressure ratio of 5 and a maximum temperature of 850°C.arrow_forward
- Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The overall pressure ratio of the cycle is 9. The air enters each stage of the compressor at 300 K and each stage of the turbine at 1200 K. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine the minimum mass flow rate of air needed to develop a net power output of 110 MW.arrow_forwardA simple Rankine cycle has a pump with an isentropic efficiency of 70%. The inlet and outlet pressures of the turbine are 6 MPa and 0.075 MPa, respectively, and steam enters the turbine at 550°C. Determine a) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine if the quality at the turbine outlet is to be ? = 1, b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, c) the rate of heat input into the boiler if the net power output of the cycle is 10 MW.arrow_forwardIn an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from 100 kPa and 25°C to 1 MPa, and then heated to 1000°C before entering the turbine. The air temperature at the turbine exit isarrow_forward
- A regenerator of 75 percent effectiveness is used in an air-standard Brayton cycle working between pressures of 15 psia and 75 psia. Determine the work per pound of air and the efficiency of the cycle if the maximum and minimum temperatures of the cycles are 1700 R and 550 R, respectively.arrow_forwardConsider a two stage compression and two stage expansion in an ideal gas-turbine cycle. The air enters each stage of the compressor at 350 K and each stage of the turbine at 1240 K. The pressure ratio across each stage of the compressor and turbine is 3.5. Assuming an efficiency of 82 percent for each compressor stage and an efficiency of 88 percent for each turbine stage. Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle, assuming (a) no regenerator is used and (b) a regenerator with 85 percent effectiveness is used.arrow_forwardThe single-stage expansion process of an ideal Brayton cycle without regeneration is replaced by a multistage expansion process with reheating between the same pressure limits. As a result of this modification, (a) Does the turbine work increase, decrease, or remain the same? (b) Does the back work ratio increase, decrease, or remain the same? (c) Does the thermal efficiency increase, decrease, or remain the same?arrow_forward
- In an air standard gas turbine cycle, air at 14.5 psia and 70 F is first compressed to 80 psia in a compressor of 82 percent efficiency. The hot air leaving the combustion chamber at 1250 F is expanded back to 14.5 psia in a turbine of 85 percent efficiency. If a regenerator is inserted into the cycle to heat the air leaving the compressor to 650 F, determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the effectiveness of the regenerator.arrow_forwardConsider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The pressure ratio across each stage of the compressor and turbine is 3. The air enters each stage of the compressor at 300 K and each stage of the turbine at 1200 K. Determine the back work ratio and the thermal efficiency of the cycle, assuming no regenerator is used.arrow_forwardA gas-turbine power plant operating on an ideal Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 8. The gas temperature is 300 K at the compressor inlet and 1300 K at the turbine inlet. Utilizing the air-standard assumptions and by accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine the thermal efficiency. The air can be treated as an ideal gas with κ = 1,4 and cp = 1006 J/(kg·K).arrow_forward
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