Chapter U2.31, Problem 4E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol of Ge, Sb, Se and Br must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Lewis dot symbol is the representation of an element’s atom with the valence electrons shown as dots.

Answer to Problem 4E

Lewis dot symbols for all the given elements are drawn below.

  

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Explanation of Solution

Ge, Sb, Se and Br have 4, 5, 4, 6 and 7 valence electrons respectively. Accordingly Lewis dot structures are shown as follows:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures for GeH₄, SbH₃, H₂Se and HBr must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Ge, Sb, Se and Br bond with 4, 3, 2 and 1 hydrogen respectively to form the corresponding covalent hydrides.

Answer to Problem 4E

Lewis structures for all the hydrides are shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

Ge has 4 valence electrons and bonded with 4 hydrogens. There is no lone pair of electrons.

Sb has 5 valence electrons and formed 3 covalent bonds with 3 hydrogens. There are one lone pair electrons on Sb atom.

Se has 6 valence electrons and bonds with 2 hydrogens. There are 2 lone pairs of electrons on Se atom.

Br has 7 valence electrons and bonds with 1 hydrogen. There is 3 lone pair of electrons on Br atom.

Thus, the Lewis structures are represented as follows:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Pattern for number of hydrogen atoms in GeH₄, SbH₃, H₂Se and HBr must be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Ge, Sb, Se and Br have valence electrons as 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Thus, the vacancies are 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively.

Answer to Problem 4E

Number of hydrogens gradually decreases from Ge to Br.

Explanation of Solution

Ge has 4 valence electrons and bonded with 4 hydrogens. Sb has 5 valence electrons and valency 3 and formed 3 covalent bonds with 3 hydrogen atoms.

Se has 6 valence electrons and valency 2 and bonds with 2 hydrogens.

Br has 7 valence electrons and valency 1 and bonds with 1 hydrogen.

Thus, the number of hydrogen atoms decreases from Ge to Br.