5' 3' A AG ITC 3' 5' DNA strand separation 5' 3' DNA А AG replication TT C 3' 5' DNA replication, an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated 5' 3' 5'T À ĞĠ TTC 3' 3' Base substitution I TC 5' 3' 5' Wild type DNA strand separation 5' 3' DNA A GG replication, generating a mutation TT C 3' 5' DNA replication 5' 3' A G G тсс 5' 5' TTT 3' ΑAG ттс 3' ILL 5' 3' Mutant Wild type FIGURE 8.2 Base Substitution A replication error results in a mismatch between the two DNA strands. Subsequent DNA replication using the altered strand as template results in a point mutation.

5' 3' A AG ITC 3' 5' DNA strand separation 5' 3' DNA А AG replication TT C 3' 5' DNA replication, an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated 5' 3' 5'T À ĞĠ TTC 3' 3' Base substitution I TC 5' 3' 5' Wild type DNA strand separation 5' 3' DNA A GG replication, generating a mutation TT C 3' 5' DNA replication 5' 3' A G G тсс 5' 5' TTT 3' ΑAG ттс 3' ILL 5' 3' Mutant Wild type FIGURE 8.2 Base Substitution A replication error results in a mismatch between the two DNA strands. Subsequent DNA replication using the altered strand as template results in a point mutation.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P: Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication If 15N-Iabeled E. coli DNA has a density of 1.724...

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5’ TAAGCGTAACCCGCTAA CGTATGCGAAC GGGTCCTATTAACGCAC 3’ 3’ ATTCGCATTGGGCGATT GCATACGCTTG CCCAGGATAATTGCGTG 5’ Imagine that the double-stranded DNA molecule shown above was broken at the sites indicated by spaces in the sequence and that before the breaks were repaired the DNA fragment between the breaks was reversed. What would be the base sequence of the repaired molecule? Show the sequence, label the 5’ and 3’ ends and briefly explain the reasoning supporting your answer
Draw the structure of the double Holliday junctionthat would result from strand invasion by both ends of thebroken duplex into the intact homologous duplex shownin Figure Q5–3. Label the left end of each strand in the Hol-liday junction 5ʹ or 3ʹ so that the relationship to the paren-tal and recombinant duplexes is clear. Indicate how DNAsynthesis would be used to fill in any single-strand gaps inyour double Holliday junction.
What does it mean to say thhat extension by DNA polymerase III proceed 5'---3'? A. The 5' end of a DNA polymerase molecule attaches to the 3' end of primase. B. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing strand, moving in the 5' to 3' direction. C. DNA polymerase seals nicks as it moves along a DNA strand toward the 3' end. D. DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA at the 5' end of an existing strand of DNA.
Review Figures 8.12 and 8.13. In cells, the primers for DNA synthesis are short strands of RNA, so each newly-synthesized strand of DNA has a segment of RNA al its 5 end. As replication proceeds, DNA polymerases remove these RNA segments and fill in the resulting gaps with DNA. However, the gaps at the very 5 ends of the new strands cannot be filled in with DNA. Why not? DNA replication leaves exposed about 100 nucleotides al the 5 end of each template strand, and these single-stranded ends are removed. What are the effects of this "end problem" on a cell's DNA as it continues to divide? FIGURE 8.12 DNA replication. Green arrows show the direction of synthesis for each strand. The Y-shaped structure where the DNA molecule is being unwound is called a replication fork. FIGURE 8.13 Discontinuous synthesis of DNA. This close-up of a replication fork shows that only one of the two new DNA strands is assembled continuously. The other is assembled in short segments.
Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication If 15N-Iabeled E. coli DNA has a density of 1.724 g/mL, 14N-labeled DNA has a density of 1.710 g/mL, and E. coli cells grown for many generations on 14NH4+as a nitrogen source are transferred to media containing 15NH4+as the sole N-source, (a) What will be the density of the DNA after one generation, assuming replication is semiconservative? (b) Suppose replication took place by a conservative mechanism in which the parental strands remained together and the two progeny strands were paired. Design an experiment that could distinguish between semiconservative and conservative modes of replication.
Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which the joining of Okazaki fragments is impaired and suspect that a mutation has occurred in an enzyme found at the replication fork. Which enzyme is most likely to be mutated?
Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is false? a. Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 39 to 59. b. Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 59 to 39. c. DNA unwinds, primase adds RNA primer, and DNApolymerases synthesize the new strand and remove the RNAprimer. d. Many initiation points exist in each eukaryotic chromosome. e. Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the opposite directionfrom the direction in which the replication fork moves.
Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence (nontemplate strand): 5'- ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3'
Using Figures 8.7 and 8.9 as a guide, draw a dinucleotide composed of C and A. Next to this, draw the complementary dinucleotide in an antiparallel fashion. Connect the dinucleotides with the appropriate hydrogen bonds. FIGURE 8.9 The two polynucleotide chains in DNA run in opposite directions. The left strand runs 5 to 3, and the right strand runs 3 to 5. The base sequences in each strand are complementary. An A in one strand pairs with a T in the other strand, and a C in one strand is paired with a G in the opposite strand. FIGURE 8.7 Nucleotides can be joined together to form chains caled polynucleotides. Polynucleotides are polar molecules with a 5 end (at the phosphate group) and a 3 end (at the sugar group). An RNA polynucleotide is shown at the left, and a DNA polynucleotide is shown at the right.
DNA STRAND IS 3’ TAC-AGC-ACT-CAG-TCA 5’a. what is the non-template/sense/coding strand?b. What is the arrangement of the m-RNA?c. What's the chain arrangement of the amino acids that will be made according to the order of the RNA?d. If on the non-coding strand of DNA there is suddenly one T base that sneaks into the 4th sequence (from the left), or causes a mutation, then how will the RNA be formed?e. What's the chain arrangement of the amino acids produced by this mutation?
Here is a DNA coding strand’s sequence and direction: 5’-ATGCCGATATAG-3’ . What would be the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide encoded by this DNA?