A terminator loop is… Group of answer choices a. A tertiary structure in DNA that causes DNA polymerase to detach from the template it is reading. b. A terrible situation caused by Skynet, and only Arnold Schwarzenegger can save us from it. c. A poorly structured region within a protein that is difficult to synthesize and often causes translation to fail spontaneously. d. A tertiary structure in the sgRNA that allows CRISPR-Cas9 to disengage from its substrate after catalysis. e. None of these answers are correct.

Q: After being irradiated, the gene coding for the E site is mutated, causing the E site to have a…

A: The process of the formation of RNA from DNA is called transcription. The process of the formation…

Q: 1. Why do you think SNPS are more commonly found in intergenic regions ? a.Because intergenic…

A: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the change in the single nucleotide through addition or…

Q: #16) The restriction enzymes Xhol and SalI cut their specific sequences as shown below:  XhoI 5' C |…

A: The sticky ends generated after cleavage by the Xho1 and Sal1 are shown on the white board.

Q: DNA synthesis has a very low error rate.  One reason for this is that the DNA polymerase enzyme can…

A: DNA polymerase is the enzyme that does maximum of the work throughout DNA replication. It builds a…

Q: 1.The -glycosidic bond in uridine phosphate exist between a) C1 of ribose and N9 of uracil b) C3 of…

A: 1. The glycosidic linkage involves c-1 of sugar and the hydrogen atom of N-1 in uracil 2 Promoters…

Q: 1. You are working with a known chemical that can cause a mutation in the DNA. You decide to use the…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 1. Draw a schematic of a stretch of DNA (horizontally) in the space below to represent a gene a. Put…

A: DNA deoxyribonucleic acid is a genetic material in many organisms this genetic material inherited to…

Q: 15. The CRISPR/Cas9 system provides a form of adaptive immunity in bacteria. We discussed in class…

A: The correct option is DThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a bacterial immune system to provide protection…

Q: Find some unclear points in the "initial transcription by RNA polymerase proceeds through a DNA-…

A: Introduction :- Gene expression involves the different set of molecular processes :- replication ,…

Q: After Drosophila DNA has been treated with a restriction enzyme, the fragments are inserted into…

A: a) By preparing a probe using the actin amino acid sequence or using the actin gene sequence known…

Q: 24. Use the table below to answer the following question. The template strand of a gene contains…

A: The DNA molecules are double stranded in structure . The DNA structure undergoes the process of…

Q: 35) A researcher inserted DNA fragments from an organism into expression vector plasmids and…

A: A plasmid is a small, circular, extra double stranded molecule of DNA that is being different from…

Q: David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses. He found…

A: The central dogma of molecular biology, given by Dr. Francis Crick states that the information…

Q: In order to target a specific region of genomic DNA with CRISPR, researchers must include a guide…

A: Abstract The CRISPR-Cas9 system, naturally a defense mechanism in prokaryotes, has been repurposed…

Q: a. CRISPR-Cas9 is a valuable biotechnology tool. Explain how this system uses RNA and the result of…

A: CRISPR-Cas9  is known as unique biotechnology tool which allows medical researchers and geneticists…

Q: You were able to obtain the RNA of the influenza virus. If you injected this into a susceptible host…

A: The influenza viruses have segmented, negative-strand RNA genomes that require replication by an…

Q: The diagram below depicts an active transcription bubble after a short period of RNA synthesis…

A: Transcription involves the copying of information from a strand of DNA into a new molecule of…

Q: 1. After exposure to a mutagen an A-T base pairing becomes T-A in the daughter cell. This is an…

A: Please note, keeping with the site regulations and in order to provide accurate and detailed…

Q: The specific sequence component of the bacterial promoter located 10 base pairs upstream of the…

A: A promoter is cis-acting , position dependent DNA sequence which is necessary for accurate and…

Q: How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases compare? a. Since eukaryotic RNA polymerases are…

A: Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is different in many aspects. Eukaryotic transcription…

Q: All of the following are functions of introns EXCEPT A. Provide buffering capacity against mutations…

A: Introns are non coding sections of RNA transcripts that are removed by splicing before the…

Q: 40. A possible mistake in replication is 18. Where is the anticodon located? a permanent…

A: 41= Levene was first biochemist who identified the chemical nature of DNA . Meselson and stahl…

Q: (d) Let's suppose (I'm not saying they are; you figured that out in the question above) that the…

A: The eukaryotic genes are interrupted. The pre-mRNA contains exons and introns. The introns are…

Q: 18. While studying a human patient with hemophilia, you have discovered that the second exon of the…

A: Transposable elements also are known as jumping genes. These are those DNA sequences that can change…

Q: (a) Which of the following statements is TRUE?     DNA polymerase moves in a 5 to 3 direction in…

A: The biological process by which the information encoded inside a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)…

Q: 1.This is responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides of a DNA duplex…

A: Note - Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you…

Q: The authors investigate if the switch from the polymerase to the exonuclease site involves releasing…

A: During DNA replication, accuracy is determined by rate of nucleotide incorporation by DNA…

Q: The effect that allolactose has on LacI is a. causing it to block binding of the CAP protein. b.…

A: Operons are clusters of genes in prokaryotes which are under the regulation of the same promoter…

Q: 41. The template strand of a gene has the sequence 3'-TCCCATGAG-5', Which of the following would be…

A: Amino acids are the structural unit of proteins. there are majorly of 20 amino acids which are…

Q: CRISPR in nature evolved as a "bacterial immune system" or "genetic vaccine" to target infecting…

A: CRISPR stands for "Clusters of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats". Cas9 is the…

Q: Could a frameshift mutation result in the production of a larger than wild type protein?

A: Frameshift mutation occurs due to deletion or addition if nucleotides which produces non functional…

Q: In order for transcription to begin, the DNA-duplex must be "opened" to allow RNA polymerase access…

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme found in the nucleoplasm of nucleus. It is involved in the…

Q: Q. Which of the following statements about CRISPR-Cas9 is correct? A. It relies on the natural…

A: CRISPR has now changed the way molecular biology is done.We can say that we have the ability to make…

Q: RNA polymerase from E. coli (core enzyme alone) has all of the following properties except:…

A: RNA polymerase enzyme is a multi subunit enzyme having a catalytically active core.

Q: A.) Deletion mutation is a loss of a single base by damage. B.) Point mutation is when a nucleotide…

A: "Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: "Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries offer certain advantages over genomic libraries". Explain how ?

A: Introduction The cDNA library is a collection of mRNA segments cloned into independent vector…

Q: 4 ______________ studies revealed that some mRNA molecules are formed by splicing pre-mRNA.…

A: 4 ______________ studies revealed that some mRNA molecules are formed by splicing pre-mRNA.…

Q: (D) An experiment by Gobind Har Khorana and his colleagues used a synthetic RNA sequences consisting…

A: mRNA: Messenger RNA It is a type of RNA that plays a very important role in protein synthesis…

Q: 6. Which of the following is NOT a similarity between replication and transcription? A) Both…

A: The process of DNA replication is used to replicate genetic information to create two copies of the…

Q: Okazaki fragments are ________.   A. short RNA primers needed for initiation of polymerization…

A: Okazaki fragments are the short and newly synthsizes DNA sequnces. They are important for DNA…

Q: A biochemist was able to sequence a DNA found in a human sample from humans who were first believed…

A: The DNA is a self-replicating structure formed of two strands. The DNA is formed of nucleotides. The…

Q: 2) A few years ago, a graduate student in my lab realized that a DNA construct in which he fused the…

A: The recombinant fusion protein can be constructed using the component proteins and linker. The…

Q: The short Okazaki fragments are Select one: a. spliced together by DNA ligase b. glued together by…

A: Replication is the process of synthesis of daughter stand from the parental strand by the action of…

Q: 1. a)What are the two types of ncRNA used in translation?  b.) How is translation terminated when…

A: Translation is the phenomenon in which the ribosomes present in the cytoplasm carry out the process…

Q: CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in genetic studies have the following attractive feature(s) in…

A: CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindomic Repeats) is a group of DNA sequences…

Q: 2. A single base addition and a single base deletion approximately 15 bases apart in the MRNA…

A: Introduction :- The hereditary substance in humans and almost all other animals is DNA, or…

Q: 2) a) What would be the effect of introducing a -1 frameshift mutation into the 23S rRNA gene? .: b)…

A: A frameshift mutation is one in which a nucleotide is inserted or deleted in such a way that the…

Q: f you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA that inactivates the promoter, what would…

A: Promoter is present upstream the DNA which contains the binding sites for the DNA polymerase to bind…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.