Q5 Lactate dehydrogenase is one of the many enzymes that require NADH as coenzyme. It catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate: NADH + H* NAD C=0 НО —С—Н lactate dehydrogenase CH3 CH, Рyruvate L-Lactate Draw the mechanism of this reaction (show electron-pushing arrows). Show all structures and show the movement of electrons. (Hint: This is a common reaction throughout metabolism)
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- Q29. FADH2 is similar to NADH in that it is also oxidized by the respiratory electron transport chain. However, oxidation of FADH2 does not yield as much ATP as the oxidation of NADH. Why doesn't oxidation of FADH2 generate as much ATP as oxidation of NADH? A. Energy is more spread out in FADH2. B. FADH2 has fewer C-H bonds than NADH. C. FADH2 oxidation occurs at complex II; it therefore bypasses the proton-pumping of Complex I. D. FADH2 oxidation to FAD releases fewer electrons than the oxidation of NADH to NAD+.Q No 2. During Respiration, various oxidation–reduction reactions occur. Could you expand upon this point further?Calculate the biochemical standard cell potential for the oxidation of NADH by molecular oxygen O2 + 2NADH + 2 H+ → 2H2O + 2NAD+
- Calculate how many moles of ATP can be made in standard conditions when 1 mole of protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase. Assume that: i) the matrix pH is 7.8, ii) the cytosolic pH is 7.2, iii)ΔE=0.168 V (inside negative), iv) T=37°C, and v) the standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP is -31.3 kJ/mol.2. Please, determine the answers of these multiple choices, they’re in a,b,c’s. A) The role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation (cellular breathing) is: -To be the last electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain -To hydrolyse carbohydrates - To add hydrogen ions to pyruvic acid at the end of glycolysis -To provide electrons for NADP reduction -To provide hydrogen ions B) Which molecule has the most potential energy? -glucose -phosphate -fructose 1-6 diphosphate -ethanol -I'ATP C) What is the product of fermentation in yeasts? -carbonic acid -oxygen -ATP -lactic acid -ethanol1. Using electron flow arrows, show electron transfer from nadh to fmn in complex 1 of the electron transport chain. 2. From step 3 to 4 of transketolase TPP is eliminated, and S7P is yielded and regenerated. Show steps 3 to 4 with the complete arrow pushing mechanism for both steps and all figures drawn.
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)21. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PRODUCTS OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE?A. ACETYL COA AND NADHB. CO2 AND FADH2C. ACETYL COA AND CO2D. CO2 AND H20 22. WHICH ARE THE FIRST TWO INTERMEDIATES RESPECTIVELY, IN THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE? A. ISOCITRATE AND SUCCINATEB. ISOCITRATE AND ALPHA-KETOGLUTRATEC. CITRATE AND ISOCITRATED. CITRATE AND ALPHA-KETOGLUTRATE 23. IT IS THE SUM OF ALL THE BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKES PLACE IN A LIVING ORGANISM?A. ANABOLISMB. METABOLISMC. CATABOLISMD. METABOLIC PATHWAY 24. METABOLIC REACTION IN WHICH LARGE BIOCHEMICAL MOLECULES ARE BROKEN DOWN TO SMALLER ONES?A. CATABOLISMB. METABOLIC PATHWAYC. ANABOLISMD. METABOLISM 25. A METABOLIC REACTION IN WHICH SMALL BIOCHEMICAL MOLECULES ARE JOINED TOGETHER TO FORM LARGER ONES?A. METABOLISMB. CATABOLISMC. METABOLIC PATHWAYD. ANABOLISMBIOC 384 Mitochondrial Electron Transport Q11.3: What explains the observation that FADH2 oxidation yields one less ATP than NADH oxidation by the Electron Transport System?
- ce BiochemistryQ&A Library1. Under aerobic catabolism of glucose, in which compartment of the eukaryotic cell does the following reactions occur? a. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. b. Conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate c. Conversion of NADH to ATP d. Conversion of phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate 1. Under aerobic catabolism of glucose, in which compartment of the eukaryotic cell does the following reactions occur? a. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. b. Conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate c. Conversion of NADH to ATP d. Conversion of phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate Question 1. Under aerobic catabolism of glucose, in which compartment of the eukaryotic cell does the following reactions occur? (i) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. (ii) Conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate (iii) Conversion of NADH to ATP (iv) Conversion of phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate 2. Describe various mechanisms for regulation of…22.The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. In this reaction ____. Select one: a.NADP+ is reduced to NADPH b.NAD+ is reduced to NADH c.NADH is oxidized to NAD+ d.NADPH is oxidized to NADP+BIOC 384 Citrate Cycle Regulation and Intermediates Q11.1: Explain why a mutation in pyruvate carboxylase that blocks its ability to be regulated by acetyl-CoA results in lower rates of energy conversion via the Citrate Cycle. Hint: see figure 10.36.