Strands of nucleic acids hybridize to complementary sequences 3 5' 3 5 3 Cool Anneal Heat Denature 5' 3' 5 3 (a) (b) FIGURE 1-13 (a) The two strands of the DNA double helix can be dissociated by heat in aqueous solutions. Upon cooling under controlled conditions, strands reassociate, or hybridize, with their complement. (b) A cloned copy of the human BAPX1 gene was tagged with a green fluorescent dye. The fluorescent-tagged DNA was then denatured and allowed to hybridize to the chromosomes in a single cell. The fluorescent-tagged clone hybridized to the location on chromosome 4 (green fluorescent regions) where the gene is located. [(b) C. Tribioli and T. Lufkin, "Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and developmental expression of BAPX1, a novel human homeobox-containing gene homologous to Drosophila bagpipe," Gene, 203, 2, 1997, 225–-233, Fig. 6, © Elsevier.]
Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
The complementary strands of DNA in the double helix
are held together by hydrogen bonds: G ≡ C or A = T.
These bonds can be broken (denatured) in aqueous solutions by heating to yield two single strands of DNA
(see Figure 1-13a). How would you expect the relative
amounts of GC versus AT base pairs in a DNA double
helix to affect the amount of heat required to denature
it? How would you expect the length of a DNA double
helix in base pairs to affect the amount of heat required
to denature it?
![Strands of nucleic acids hybridize to complementary sequences
3
5' 3
5 3
Cool
Anneal
Heat
Denature
5' 3'
5 3
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 1-13 (a) The two strands of the DNA double helix can be dissociated by heat in aqueous
solutions. Upon cooling under controlled conditions, strands reassociate, or hybridize, with their
complement. (b) A cloned copy of the human BAPX1 gene was tagged with a green fluorescent dye.
The fluorescent-tagged DNA was then denatured and allowed to hybridize to the chromosomes in a
single cell. The fluorescent-tagged clone hybridized to the location on chromosome 4 (green
fluorescent regions) where the gene is located. [(b) C. Tribioli and T. Lufkin, "Molecular cloning,
chromosomal mapping and developmental expression of BAPX1, a novel human homeobox-containing gene
homologous to Drosophila bagpipe," Gene, 203, 2, 1997, 225–-233, Fig. 6, © Elsevier.]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2a5d405c-1ce5-44d8-ac16-a087a1c75fc1%2F508693b8-d043-4ac7-8cde-9901c2b0a24a%2Fyc19y8v_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
