The dota shown below is calibration data obtained from the determination of a pesticide in soil samples using Gas Chromatography. No Concentration Analytical Standard (ng/mL) Signal devlation 0.3 0.537 0.091 0.6 0.843 0.101 0.211 1.5 1.917 4. 3.0 3.876 0.271 6.0 7.683 0.615 9.0 11.588 0.695 7. 12.0 16.486 0.659 8. 15.0 21.22 0.849 Slope1.250 Intercept 0.350 Y unknown =4.850 SM0.033 1. Calculate the limit of Detection 2 Calculate the concentration of pesticide in the unknown sample
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- In quality management, it is very important that you have a good background knowledge in both descriptive and inferential statistics. Since you already took up Biostatistics and Epidemiology during your Second Year, answer BRIEFLY the following questions on basic statistics: 1. Compare and contrast the three most common measures of central tendency mean, median and mode. 2. Differentiate standard deviation from coefficient of variation. 3. What is T-test?Example: A GC-FID analysis was conducted on a soil sample containing pollutant X. The following separations were conducted: t (minutes) peak area Injection 1 21.1 ppm Toluene internal Standard 10.11 36,242 33.4 ppm 14.82 45,997 Injection 2 21.1 ppm Toluene Internal Standard 10.05 38,774 unknown concentration X 14.77 39,115 What is the concentration of X in the sample?Which of the following would result in an increase in the calculated ngas 10, assuming the rest of the parameters are held constant? I. Inserting 23.0 mg instead of the prescribed 15.0mg of folded Mg ribbon into the eudiometer. II. Performing the experiment in a different laboratory with a cooler temperature. III. A shorter equilibration time prior to volume measurement. IV. Acid used was 12.0 M HNO3 instead of 6.0 M HCI.
- One method for the quantitative determination of the concentration of constituents in a sample analyzed by gas chromatography is area normalization. Here, complete elution of all the sample constituents is necessary. The area of each peak is then measured and corrected for differences in detector response to the different eluates. This correction involves dividing the area by an empirically determined correction factor. The concentration of the analyte is found from the ratio of its corrected area to the total corrected area of all peaks. For a chromatogram containing three peaks, the relative areas were found to be 16.4, 45.2 and 30.2, in order of increasing retention time. Calculate the percentage of each compound if the relative detector responses were 0.60, 0.78 and 0.88, respectively.Chemistry The levels of an organic pollutant (P) in the groundwater at the perimeter of a plant were a cause for concern. A 10 mL sample of the water was taken and the pollutant was extracted with 95% efficiency using 25 mL of diethyl ether. GC was used to analyse the concentration of P in diethyl ether. A calibration curve was plotted for a series of standards of P which yielded the following results: Peak Area Toluene Conc. (µg/ml) 12,000 2.6 23,700 5.0 35,500 7.7 46,800 9.9 31,250 Sample Determine the concentration of P in ppb in the initial groundwater sample.Which of the following would result in an increase in the calculated ngas in the Chemistry Experiment, assuming the rest of the parameters are held constant? I. Inserting 23.0 mg instead of the prescribed 15.0mg of folded Mg ribbon into the eudiometer. II. Performing the experiment in a different laboratory with a cooler temperature. III. A shorter equilibration time prior to volume measurement. IV. Acid used was 12.0 M HNO3 instead of 6.0 M HCl. a. II and III b. I and II c. I only d. II, III, and IV
- One method for quantitative determination of the concentration of constituents in a sample analyzed by gas chromatography is the area normalization method. In this method, complete elution of all of the sample constituents is necessary. The area of each peak is then measured and corrected for differences in detector response to the different eluates. This correction is accomplished by dividing the area by an empirically determined correction factor. The concentration of the analyte is found from the ratio of its corrected area to the total corrected area of all peaks. For a chromatogram containing three peaks, the relative areas were found to be 16.4, 45.2, and 30.2 in the order of increasing retention time. Calculate the percentage of each compound if the relative detector responses were 0.60, 0.78, and 0.88, respectivelyOften the analyst will compare known quantities of analyte to unknown quantities of the material to be analyzed. This may be done in one of three ways: -use calibration curves; use standard additions; or use internal standards. The method of standard additions would be used when A) the quantity of sample analyzed or the instrument response varies from run to run. B) the standard solutions and the unknown solution all have similar characteristics are unaffected by the other material in the sample. C) the sample composition is unknown or complex and affects the analytical signal.The pH of water samples taken from Iligan Bay was determined. Calculate the pooled estimate of the standard deviation for the analysis, based from the following columns of data: Site No. of Samples measured pH Mean pH Sum of Squares of Deviation from the Mean 1 4 8.02, 8.09, 7.95, 7.98 8.01 0.0110 2 3 7.50, 7.65, 7.49 7.55 0.0161 3 3 8.25, 8.29, 8.20 8.25 0.0041
- Which sentence is false about gravimetric analysis? a. It is used for inorganic b. It is used to assay barium c. It is used to assay of d. Relative precision 3% to 4%Here is a use objective for a chemical analysis to be performed at a drinking water purification plant: “Data and results collected quarterly shall be used to determine whether the concentrations of haloacetates in the treated water demonstrate compliance with the levels set by the Stage 1 Disinfection By-products Rule using Method 552.2” (a specification that sets precision, accuracy, and other requirements). Which one of the following questions best summarizes the meaning of the use objective?(i) Are haloacetate concentrations known within specified precision and accuracy?(ii) Are any haloacetates detectable in the water?(iii) Do any haloacetate concentrations exceed the regulatory limit?Briefly explain method validation in analytical chemistry? Discuss typical validation characteristics which could be considered. Name some international organisations offering guidelines on method validation