Chapter 11, Problem 11D.30E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the condensation reaction of propanoic acid and 2-methylpropanol has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Ester:

The structure of an ester is,

The carbonyl group of the ester is polar and could participate in dipole-dipole attractions.  Hydrocarbon chains flank the carbonyl group

Preparation of Esters:

Esters are prepared from the reaction of carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with a loss of water molecule.  Esterification is a condensation reaction because a molecule of water is removed during the reaction.

The general preparation of esters is shown below,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the condensation reaction of ethanoic acid and cyclohexanol has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the condensation reaction of butanoic acid and dimethyl amine has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Amides can be prepared in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.  The acid derivative can be either an acid chloride or an acid anhydride.

The general reaction is,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the condensation reaction of 2-methylpentanoic acid and ethylamine has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (d).