Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 17P
The human genome contains about 3 billion base pairs. During the first cell division after fertilization of a human embryo, S phase is approximately three hours long. Assuming an average DNA polymerase rate of 50
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The human genome contains about 3 billion base pairs. During the first cell division after fertilization of a human embryo, S phase is approximately three hours long. Assuming an average DNA polymerase rate of 50 nucleotides/second over the entire S phase, what is the minimum number oforigins of replication you would expect to find in the human genome? Show your solution.
Assume a deletion occurs in a gene that encodes DNA polymerase I and no functional DNA polymerase I is produced. What will be the most likely consequence of this mutation?
The DNA would not exist in a supercoiled state.
There would be no RNA primers laid down.
The DNA will not be able to unwind to initiate replication.
The DNA strands would contain pieces of RNA.
There would be no DNA replication on the leading or lagging strands.
The following diagrams represent DNA molecules that are undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 11 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 11 - Many proteins other than histones are found...Ch. 11 - What difference is there in the compaction of...Ch. 11 - What is the role of the core histones in...Ch. 11 - a. About how many molecules of histone H2A would...Ch. 11 - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease can cleave...Ch. 11 - a. What letters are used to represent the short...Ch. 11 - About 2000 G bands are visible in a...Ch. 11 - Suppose you performed a fluorescence in situ...Ch. 11 - Which of the following would be suggested by a...
Ch. 11 - For each of the following pairs of chromatin...Ch. 11 - a. Drosophila b. Humans Give examples of...Ch. 11 - One histone modification that is seen consistently...Ch. 11 - Drosophila geneticists have isolated many...Ch. 11 - On the following figures, genes A and B are on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PCh. 11 - The human genome contains about 3 billion base...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - If you are comparing the two telomeres in each...Ch. 11 - a. What DNA sequences are commonly found at human...Ch. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - Prob. 25PCh. 11 - Prob. 26PCh. 11 - Give at least one example of a chromosomal...Ch. 11 - a. Give at least three examples of types of...Ch. 11 - A number of yeast-derived elements were added to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 30P
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- The E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long. Under optimal conditions, thechromosome is replicated in 40 minutes.(a) What is the distance traversed by one replication fork in 1 minute?(b) If replicating DNA is in the B form (10.4 base pairs per turn), how manynucleotides are incorporated in 1 minute in one replication fork?(c) If cultured human cells (such as HeLa cells) replicate 1.2 m of DNAduring a five-hour S phase and at a rate of fork movement one-tenthof that seen in E. coli, how many origins of replication must the cellscontain?(d) What is the average distance, in kilobase pairs, between these origins?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes, the DNA replication rate is 50 nucleotides per second. How long would the replication of a chromosome of 150 million base pairs take if eukaryotic chromosomes were replicated like those of prokaryotes? Actually, eukaryotic replication takes only several hours. How do eukaryotes achieve this high rate?arrow_forwarda) "Out of three E.coli DNA polymerases, DNA polymerases 3 has a high processivity and rate of polymerization and therefore better suited for replication of the genome" What is meant by processivity? how does the DNA polymerase 3 maintain high processivity? b) What is a replication fork ?. Give the protein/enzymes of a replication fork and describe their function?arrow_forward
- Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’ 3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. ___________ should be the template for the lagging strand synthesis. neither of the two strands the bottom strand both top and bottom strands the top strandarrow_forwardAn article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?arrow_forwardThe E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long. Under optimal conditions the chromosome is replicated in 40 minutes. (a) What is the distance traversed by one replication fork in 1 minute? (b) If replicating DNA is in the B form (10.4 base pairs per turn), how many nucleotides are incorporated in 1 minute in one replica- tion fork? (c) If cultured human cells (such as Hela cells) replicate 1.2 m of DNA during a 5-hour S phase and at a rate of fork movement one- tenth of that seen in E. coli, how many origins of replication must the cells contain? (d) What is the average distance, in kilobase pairs, between these origins?arrow_forward
- Suppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of 100,000 nucleotides per minute and takes 40 minutes to replicate its chromosome. (a) How many base pairs are present in the entire E. coli chromosome? (b) What is the physical length of the chromosome in its helical configuration—that is, what is the circumference of the chromosome if it were opened into a circle?arrow_forwardDescribe, in detail, causes for mutations that occur during replication. For each, use detail to describe how the mutation would occur, classify the type of mutation that results, and the effect it may have on the cell. What are two causes for mutations during replication? What is one cause for mutations at the end of replication? Differentiate between transition and transversion mutations. What are they, examples? How do point deletions/insertions lead to frameshift mutations- your answer should include what a “frame” is, what a codon is and how codons are responsible for making aa chains?arrow_forwardThe chromosome of E. coli contains 4.6 million bp. How long will it take to replicate its DNA? Assuming that DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme involved and that it can actively proofread during DNA synthesis, how many base pair mistakes will be made in one round of DNA replication in a bacterial population containing 1000 bacteria?arrow_forward
- Production of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication proceeds in three steps. From the following list, indicate the correct sequence of these steps. Enzymatic joining of the adjacent DNA fragments --> Removal of the RNA primer --> Synthesis of new DNA O Removal of the RNA primer --> Synthesis of new DNA --> Enzymatic joining of the adjacent DNA fragments O Synthesis of new DNA -->Removal of the RNA primer --> Enzymatic joining of the adjacent DNA fragments O Enzymatic joining of the adjacent DNA fragments - --> Synthesis of new DNA --> Removal of the RNA primerarrow_forwardIn bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost always organized into circular (closed loops) chromosomes. Phage l is an exception, maintaining its DNA in a linear chromosome within the viral particle. However, as soon as this DNA is injected into a host cell, it circularizes before replication begins. What advantage exists in replicating circular DNA molecules compared to linear molecules, characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?arrow_forwardSpontaneous deamination of cytosine bases in DNA takes place at low but measurable frequency. Cytosine is converted into uracil by loss of its amino group. After this conversion, which base pair occupies this position in each of the daughter strands resulting from one round of replication? Two rounds of replication? (a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides.) We can quantify the information- carrying capacity of nucleic acids in the following way. Each position can be one of four bases, corresponding to two bits of information (2² = 4). Thus, a chain of 5100 nucleotides corresponds to 2 × 5100 = 10,200 bits, or 1275 bytes (1 byte =8 bits). (b) How many bits of information are stored in an 8-mer DNA sequence? In the E. coli genome? In the human genome? (c) Compare each of these values with the amount of information that can be stored on a computer compact disc, or CD (about 700 megabytes).arrow_forward
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