Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 27P
Give at least one example of a chromosomal structure or function affected by the following mechanisms for regulating chromatin structure:
| a. | Posttranslational changes of the normal histone found in the nucleosome |
| b. | Nucleosomes with variant histones encoded by special genes. |
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Describe the packaging of chromosomal DNA by histones with diagrammatic representations. Name the various histone modifications and describe any two among them.
A cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true?
a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed.
b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone.
c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression.
d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 11 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 11 - Many proteins other than histones are found...Ch. 11 - What difference is there in the compaction of...Ch. 11 - What is the role of the core histones in...Ch. 11 - a. About how many molecules of histone H2A would...Ch. 11 - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease can cleave...Ch. 11 - a. What letters are used to represent the short...Ch. 11 - About 2000 G bands are visible in a...Ch. 11 - Suppose you performed a fluorescence in situ...Ch. 11 - Which of the following would be suggested by a...
Ch. 11 - For each of the following pairs of chromatin...Ch. 11 - a. Drosophila b. Humans Give examples of...Ch. 11 - One histone modification that is seen consistently...Ch. 11 - Drosophila geneticists have isolated many...Ch. 11 - On the following figures, genes A and B are on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PCh. 11 - The human genome contains about 3 billion base...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - If you are comparing the two telomeres in each...Ch. 11 - a. What DNA sequences are commonly found at human...Ch. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - Prob. 25PCh. 11 - Prob. 26PCh. 11 - Give at least one example of a chromosomal...Ch. 11 - a. Give at least three examples of types of...Ch. 11 - A number of yeast-derived elements were added to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 30P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if false, replace the underlined words with the correct one. 1. Heterochromatin is typically gene-rich and composed of loosely-packed DNA that is transcriptionally active. 2. Molecular switches regulate the expression of genes by directing where and when genes should be turned on or off depending on the cell signal. 3. DNA Methylation and acetylation of histones are inverselycorrelated 4. Specialized cells produce specialized proteins derived from luxury genes which are constitutively expressed. 5. In mammals, methylation patterns that regulate DNA structure and gene expression become evident from the gastrula stage.arrow_forwardAn old genetic observation is that a normally active gene will be silenced if it is moved by transposition or crossing over from an uncondensed (euchromatic) region to a heavily condensed (heterochromatic) region of a chromosome. Assume the euchromatic chromatin containing the active gene is surrounded by heterochromatic chromatin immediately after insertion. Please explain in terms of the control of histone modification why the normally active gene is silenced when it becomes surrounded by condensed regions. (Do not explain how histone modification causes chromatin condensation.)arrow_forwardWhen an injury occurs to the skin, the epithelial cells near the wound are signaled to react (by proliferating, migrating, and/or differentiating) to restore the skin in the wound. To investigate the healing process, researchers removed a small area of epithelial cells from the skin of mice, causing a wound. The researchers monitored the acetylation status of histone H4 at lysines K5, K8, and K16 on days 1, 4 and 9 after the wound was made. Cells in three regions were studied (see Figure A below): Normal epithelial cells not directly near the wound Epithelial cells adjacent to the wound The cells repopulating/repairing the wound (referred to as an “epithelial tongue” early in the process and “closed wound” later in the process) The percent of cells that were positive for H4 acetylation was recorded. The bar graph in Figure B below shows data for Days 4 and 9 for cells examined in the wound. While this experiment focused on mice, we may be able to apply the results to…arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. chromosome b. chromatinarrow_forwardBase on your knowledge of DNA, chromosomes and epigenetics and upon examining the picture below, name two epigenetic factors and at least one non-epigenetic factor present on this picture. [HINT: which of the factors shown on the picture do you expect to change based on the interactions with an environment and which you expect unchanged?] Methyl Group DNA Chromatin Epigenetic Factor Histone Histone Tails Chromosomearrow_forwardDescribe how reversible chemical changes to histones are linked to chromatin modification.arrow_forward
- Describe the basic structure of a nucleosome. What is the role of histone H1?arrow_forward7. Progression from metaphase to anaphase in the cell cycle, and subsequent exit from anaphase, requires sequential events involving the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). APC is a multi- protein complex that has ubiquitin ligase activity (see pp. 611-612 in your textbook re: ubiquitin). When APC adds adds ubiquitin to a substrate protein, the protein is targeted for degradation by the proteasome. Two important substrates of APC are the proteins securin and cyclin B. Destruction of securin allows the separation of sister chromatids at the beginning of anaphase, whereas subsequent destruction of cyclin B allows cells to exit anaphase (see Figure 24-18 in your textbook). APC Cdh-1 Cdc20- Securin Mitotic cyclins Cohesin G1 Metaphase Anaphase For APC to bind specific substrates, it requires unique adaptor proteins that help it to recognize its substrates. The adaptor protein Cdc20 allows APC to recognize and ubiquitinate securin, while the adaptor Cdh-1 allows APC to recognize and…arrow_forwardThe retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene Rb (RB1) codes forthe retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB prevents the progression of the cell cycle through G1 if DNA has been damaged. Itdoes so in part because it binds a transcription-activatingdimer referred to as E2F-DP. The pRB-E2F/DP complex recruits a histone deacetylase to chromatin. Explain.arrow_forward
- Explain, How does histone acetylation alter chromatin structure?arrow_forwardIn studies on chromatin it has been reported that DNA that is being actively transcribed is more sensitive to digestion by DNase I. Which of the following events is known to make DNA more sensitive to digestion by DNase I? Formation of heterochromatin DNA methylation All of the provided answers are correct. Acetylation of histone O Deacetylation of histonearrow_forwardThe following image shows the 'beads-on-a-string' model of DNA and the effects of histone modification on chromatin structure. What effect does histone acetylation have on Gene 1? Gene 1 De-acetylation Acetylation Ac Ac Gene 1 Ac Ac Ac O Acetylation increases expression of Gene 1 O Acetylation decreases expression of Gene 1 O Acetylation causes a mutation in Gene 1 O There is no way to tell from this figurearrow_forward
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