Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1.14, Problem 32P
- a. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon atoms in the following compound?
- b. What is the hybridization of each of the atoms in Demerol and Prozac?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Oxygen has three isotopes, 16O, 17O, and 18O. The...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2PCh. 1.2 - How many valence electrons do chlorine, bromine,...Ch. 1.2 - Look at the relative positions of each pair of...Ch. 1.3 - a. Find potassium (K) in the periodic table and...Ch. 1.3 - Which bond is more polar?Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following has a. the most polar bond?...Ch. 1.3 - Use the symbols + and to show the direction of...Ch. 1.3 - After examining the potential maps for LiH, HF,...Ch. 1.4 - An atom with a formal charge does not necessarily...
Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 12PCh. 1.4 - a. Draw two Lewis structures for C2H6O. b. Draw...Ch. 1.4 - Draw the lone-pair electrons that are not shown in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.4 - Which of the atoms in the molecular models in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 18PCh. 1.7 - What orbitals are used to form the 10 sigma bonds...Ch. 1.9 - Put a number in each of the blanks: a. ___ s...Ch. 1.11 - Predict the approximate bond angles in a. the...Ch. 1.11 - According to the potential map for the ammonium...Ch. 1.12 - Prob. 25PCh. 1.13 - a. Predict the relative lengths and strengths of...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 28PCh. 1.14 - Which of the bonds in a carbonoxygen double bond...Ch. 1.14 - Caffeine is a natural insecticide, found in the...Ch. 1.14 - a. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon...Ch. 1.14 - Prob. 33PCh. 1.14 - Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond...Ch. 1.15 - Account for the difference in the shape and color...Ch. 1.15 - Which of the following molecules would you expect...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 38PCh. 1 - What is the hybridization of all the atoms (other...Ch. 1 - Prob. 40PCh. 1 - Draw the condensed structure of a compound that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 42PCh. 1 - Prob. 43PCh. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45PCh. 1 - List the bonds in order from most polar to least...Ch. 1 - What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in...Ch. 1 - Write the Kekul structure for each of the...Ch. 1 - Assign the missing formal charges.Ch. 1 - Predict the approximate bond angles for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 51PCh. 1 - a. Which of the indicated bonds in each compound...Ch. 1 - In which orbitals are the lone pairs in nicotine?...Ch. 1 - Draw the missing lone-pair electrons and assign...Ch. 1 - Rank the following compounds from highest dipole...Ch. 1 - Prob. 56PCh. 1 - a. Which of the species have bond angles of 109.5?...Ch. 1 - Prob. 58PCh. 1 - Sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) has both ionic and...Ch. 1 - a. Why is a H 8 H bond (0.74 ) shorter than a C 8...Ch. 1 - Which compound has a larger dipole moment, CHCl3...Ch. 1 - Which compound has a longer C 8 Cl bond?Ch. 1 - Prob. 63PCh. 1 - The following compound has two isomers. One isomer...
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- Draw the delocalized molecular orbitals for the following molecule. Are both bonds of the triple bond involved in the delocalized orbitals?arrow_forwardFor each of the following structures, determine the hybridization requested and whether the electrons will be delocalized: (a) Hybridization of each carbon (b) Hybridization of sulfur (c) All atomsarrow_forwardIn propene CH3CH=CH2, the first carbon has sp3 hybrid orbitals and the second carbon has sp2 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals interact to make a bond. Why are these hybrid orbitals not orthogonal?arrow_forward
- Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following molecule. (The arrangement of atoms is given; you need to determine how many bonds connect each pair of atoms.)arrow_forwardDetermine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond. (a) H2,H2+,H2 (b) O2,O22+,O22 (c) Li2,Be2+,Be2 (d) F2,F2+,F2 (e) N2,N2+,N2arrow_forwardTwo important industrial chemicals, ethene, C2H4, and propene, C3H6, are produced by the steam (or thermal) cracking process: 2C3H8(g)C2H4(g)+C3H6(g)+H2(g) For each of the four carbon compounds, do the following: (a) Draw a Lewis structure. (b) Predict the geometry about the carbon atom. (c) Determine the hybridization of each type of carbon atom.arrow_forward
- What is the total number of carbon atoms in this molecule? What is the total number of Hydrogen atoms in this molecule? i. How many sp3, sp2,and sp hybridized carbon atoms are in this compound?arrow_forwardJanuvia, the trade name for sitagliptin, was introduced in 2006 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (a) Explain why the five-membered ring in sitagliptin is aromatic. (b) Determine the hybridization of each N atom. (c) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N atom reside?arrow_forwardEpinephrine(or adrenaline;see structure) is a naturally oc-curring hormone that is also manufactured commercially for useas a heart stimulant, a nasal decongestant, and to treat glaucoma (a) What is the hybridization of each C, O, and N atom? (b) How many σ bonds does the molecule have? (c) How many π elec-trons are delocalized in the ring?arrow_forward
- (a) Draw a picture showing how two p orbitals on two differentatoms can be combined to make a σ bond. (b) Sketch a πbond that is constructed from p orbitals. (c) Which is generallystronger, a σ bond or a π bond? Explain. (d) Can two sorbitals combine to form a π bond? Explain.arrow_forwardThe unmistakable odor of a freshly cut cucumber is largely due to cucumber aldehyde. (a) How many sp2 hybridized carbon atoms does cucumber aldehyde contain? (b) What is the hybridization of the O atom? (c) What orbitals are used to form the carbon–oxygen double bond? (d) How many σ bonds does cucumber aldehyde contain? (e) How many π bonds does it contain?arrow_forwardThe unmistakable odor of a freshly cut cucumber is largely due to cucumber aldehyde.(a) How many sp2 hybridized carbon atoms does cucumber aldehyde contain? (b) What is the hybridization of the O atom? (c) What orbitals are used to form the carbon–oxygen double bond? (d) How many σ bonds does cucumber aldehyde contain? (e) How many πbonds does it contain?arrow_forward
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