Concept explainers
Concept Introduction:
Decision making plays an important role in the management. The decisions taken by managers are called managerial decisions. Managerial Decisions are decisions taken by managers for the operations of a firm. These decisions include setting target growth rates, hiring or firing employees, and deciding what products to sell. Manager's decisions are taken on the basis of quantitative as well as the qualitative measures. The managerial decision includes the decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. These decisions are taken on the basis of relevant costs.
Relevant costs are the costs that are relevant for any decision making. Relevant costs are helpful for take managerial decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc.
Two basic types of the relevant costs are as follows:
- Out-of-pocket costs
- Opportunity costs
To Indicate:
The type of decision
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
Survey of Accounting (Accounting I)
- Maxwell Company produces a variety of kitchen appliances, including cooking ranges and dishwashers. Over the past several years, competition has intensified. In order to maintainand perhaps increaseits market share, Maxwells management decided that the overall quality of its products had to be increased. Furthermore, costs needed to be reduced so that the selling prices of its products could be reduced. After some investigation, Maxwell concluded that many of its problems could be traced to the unreliability of the parts that were purchased from outside suppliers. Many of these components failed to work as intended, causing performance problems. Over the years, the company had increased its inspection activity of the final products. If a problem could be detected internally, then it was usually possible to rework the appliance so that the desired performance was achieved. Management also had increased its warranty coverage; warranty work had been increasing over the years. David Haight, president of Maxwell Company, called a meeting with his executive committee. Lee Linsenmeyer, chief engineer; Kit Applegate, controller; and Jeannie Mitchell, purchasing manager, were all in attendance. How to improve the companys competitive position was the meetings topic. The conversation of the meeting was recorded as seen on the following page: DAVID: We need to find a way to improve the quality of our products and at the same time reduce costs. Lee, you said that you have done some research in this area. Would you share your findings? LEE: As you know, a major source of our quality problems relates to the poor quality of the parts we acquire from the outside. We have a lot of different parts, and this adds to the complexity of the problem. What I thought would be helpful would be to redesign our products so that they can use as many interchangeable parts as possible. This will cut down the number of different parts, make it easier to inspect, and cheaper to repair when it comes to warranty work. My engineering staff has already come up with some new designs that will do this for us. JEANNIE: I like this idea. It will simplify the purchasing activity significantly. With fewer parts, I can envision some significant savings for my area. Lee has shown me the designs so I know exactly what parts would be needed. I also have a suggestion. We need to embark on a supplier evaluation program. We have too many suppliers. By reducing the number of different parts, we will need fewer suppliers. And we really dont need to use all the suppliers that produce the parts demanded by the new designs. We should pick suppliers that will work with us and provide the quality of parts that we need. I have done some preliminary research and have identified five suppliers that seem willing to work with us and assure us of the quality we need. Lee may need to send some of his engineers into their plants to make sure that they can do what they are claiming. DAVID: This sounds promising. Kit, can you look over the proposals and their estimates and give us some idea if this approach will save us any money? And if so, how much can we expect to save? KIT: Actually, I am ahead of the game here. Lee and Jeannie have both been in contact with me and have provided me with some estimates on how these actions would affect different activities. I have prepared a handout that includes an activity table revealing what I think are the key activities affected. I have also assembled some tentative information about activity costs. The table gives the current demand and the expected demand after the changes are implemented. With this information, we should be able to assess the expected cost savings. Additionally, the following activity cost data are provided: Purchasing parts: Variable activity cost: 30 per part number; 20 salaried clerks, each earning a 45,000 annual salary. Each clerk is capable of processing orders associated with 100 part numbers. Inspecting parts: Twenty-five inspectors, each earning a salary of 40,000 per year. Each inspector is capable of 2,000 hours of inspection. Reworking products: Variable activity cost: 25 per unit reworked (labor and parts). Warranty: Twenty repair agents, each paid a salary of 35,000 per year. Each repair agent is capable of repairing 500 units per year. Variable activity costs: 15 per product repaired. Required: 1. Compute the total savings possible as reflected by Kits handout. Assume that resource spending is reduced where possible. 2. Explain how redesign and supplier evaluation are linked to the savings computed in Requirement 1. Discuss the importance of recognizing and exploiting internal and external linkages. 3. Identify the organizational and operational activities involved in the strategy being considered by Maxwell Company. What is the relationship between organizational and operational activities?arrow_forwardMaxwell Company produces a variety of kitchen appliances, including cooking ranges and dishwashers. Over the past several years, competition has intensified. In order to maintain—and perhaps increase—its market share, Maxwell’s management decided that the overall quality of its products had to be increased. Furthermore, costs needed to be reduced so that the selling prices of its products could be reduced. After some investigation, Maxwell concluded that many of its problems could be traced to the unreliability of the parts that were purchased from outside suppliers. Many of these components failed to work as intended, causing performance problems. Over the years, the company had increased its inspection activity of the final products. If a problem could be detected internally, then it was usually possible to rework the appliance so that the desired performance was achieved. Management also had increased its warranty coverage; warranty work had been increasing over the years. DAVID…arrow_forwardSuppose that FedEx Kinko’s has decided to install personal computers and printers in its Pittsburgh store that will be rented to customers on an hourly basis. FedEx Kinko’s management has called in consultants from a number of computer suppliers to assist it in designing a system. After considering a number of alternatives, FedEx Kinko’s decided that an Apple computer system consisting of eight iMac computers and two printers best meets its current and projected future needs. FedEx Kinko’s evaluated the desirability of the acquisition of the Apple computer system using its normal capital budgeting procedures. It found that the computer system has a large positive expected net present value. Jim Horn, a new management trainee in the financial planning office, has recently been reading about the boom in the leasing industry. He feels that if leasing is growing as rapidly as it seems, there must be some significant advantages to the leasing alternative compared to ownership. If purchased,…arrow_forward
- The Marigold Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Marigold has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Marigold will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs.Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $611,000, useful life 25 years.Building B: Lease for 25 years with annual lease payments of $71,370 being made at the beginning of the year.Building C: Purchase for $657,400 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 25 years at a net annual rental of $6,800. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Marigold Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord. In which building would you recommend that The Marigold Inc. locate, assuming a 12%…arrow_forwardThe Black Knights Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Black Knights has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Black Knights will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs. Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $600,000, useful life 25 years. Building B: Lease for 25 years with annual lease payments of $69,000 being made at the beginning of the year. Building C: Purchase for $650,000 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 25 years at a net annual rental of $7,000. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Black Knights Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord. Instructions In which building would you recommend that The…arrow_forwardThe Sandhill Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Sandhill has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Sandhill will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs.Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $612,300, useful life 26 years.Building B: Lease for 26 years with annual lease payments of $70,170 being made at the beginning of the year.Building C: Purchase for $652,900 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 26 years at a net annual rental of $6,430. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Sandhill Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord.Click here to view factor tablesIn which building would you recommend that The Sandhill…arrow_forward
- Top-Quality Stores, Inc., owns a nationwide chain of supermarkets. The company is going to open anotherstore soon, and a suitable building site has been located in an attractive and rapidly growing area. Ind iscussing how the company can acquire the desired building and other facilities needed to open the newstore, Sam Watkins, the company’s vice president in charge of sales, stated, “I know most of our competitors are starting to lease facilities rather than buy, but I just can’t see the economics of it. Our developmentpeople tell me that we can buy the building site, put a building on it, and get all the store fixtures we needfor just $850,000. They also say that property taxes, insurance, and repairs would run $20,000 a year.When you figure that we plan to keep a site for 18 years, that’s a total cost of $1,210,000. But then whenyou realize that the property will be worth at least a half million in 18 years, that’s a net cost to us of only$710,000. What would it cost to lease the…arrow_forwardThe Bridgeport Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Bridgeport has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Bridgeport will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs.Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $ 615,000, useful life 28 years.Building B: Lease for 28 years with annual lease payments of $ 71,570 being made at the beginning of the year.Building C: Purchase for $ 659,900 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 28 years at a net annual rental of $ 6,870. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Bridgeport Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord.Click here to view factor tablesIn which building would you recommend…arrow_forwardThe Bridgeport Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Bridgeport has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Bridgeport will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs.Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $ 615,000, useful life 28 years.Building B: Lease for 28 years with annual lease payments of $ 71,570 being made at the beginning of the year.Building C: Purchase for $ 659,900 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 28 years at a net annual rental of $ 6,870. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Bridgeport Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord.Click here to view factor tablesIn which building would you recommend…arrow_forward
- The Baldwin Company, originally established 16 years ago to make footballs, is now a leading producer of tennis balls, baseballs, footballs, and golf balls. Recently W. C. Meadows, vice president of the Baldwin Company, identified another segment of the sports ball market that looked promising and that he felt was not adequately served by larger manufacturers. That market was for brightly colored bowling balls, and he believed many bowlers valued appearance and style above performance. As a result, the Baldwin Company investigated the marketing potential of brightly colored bowling balls. Baldwin sent a questionnaire to consumers in three markets: Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and New Haven. The results of the three questionnaires were much better than expected and supported the conclusion that the brightly colored bowling balls could achieve a 10 to 15 percent share of the market. In any case, the Baldwin Company is now considering investing in a machine to produce bowling balls. The…arrow_forwardThe Splish Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Splish has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Splish will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs.Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $616,000, useful life 25 years.Building B: Lease for 25 years with annual lease payments of $70,700 being made at the beginning of the year.Building C: Purchase for $654,700 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 25 years at a net annual rental of $6,820. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Splish Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord. In which building would you recommend that The Splish Inc. locate, assuming a 12% cost of…arrow_forwardThe Monty Inc., a manufacturer of low-sugar, low-sodium, low-cholesterol TV dinners, would like to increase its market share in the Sunbelt. In order to do so, Monty has decided to locate a new factory in the Panama City area. Monty will either buy or lease a site depending upon which is more advantageous. The site location committee has narrowed down the available sites to the following three very similar buildings that will meet their needs.Building A: Purchase for a cash price of $617,900, useful life 27 years.Building B: Lease for 27 years with annual lease payments of $70,330 being made at the beginning of the year.Building C: Purchase for $655,700 cash. This building is larger than needed; however, the excess space can be sublet for 27 years at a net annual rental of $6,700. Rental payments will be received at the end of each year. The Monty Inc. has no aversion to being a landlord.In which building would you recommend that The Monty Inc. locate, assuming a 12% cost of funds?…arrow_forward
- Survey of Accounting (Accounting I)AccountingISBN:9781305961883Author:Carl WarrenPublisher:Cengage LearningCornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning