An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar. Concept Introduction: Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses. The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below. Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose. Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose. Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose. Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose. A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

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Which one is b-D glucose and which one is a-L glucose ? 2. Which one is b-fructose and which a-L fructose?

a) Draw Haworth projections of both - and -anomers of D-fructose. Indicate which carbon is the anomeric carbon.b) Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of a molecule of D-fructose and D-glucose. Draw the structure of sucrose clearly indicating the linkage between the two monosaccharides and its biological significance.c) Tollen’s reagent is a very mild oxidizing agent which normally oxidize aldehydes but not ketones. However, both glucose and fructose give positive results with Tollen’s reagent and are classified as reducing sugars. Explain how fructose can also give positive results with Tollen’s reagent (illustrate using structures).

1 Draw D- glucose in a Fischer Projection. 2 Draw alpha-D- glucose and in the Hayworth (ring ) structure. 3 Draw the hydrolysis of maltose- the disaccharide composed of alpha D glucose molecules. 4 What is the chemical difference between cellulose and amylose NOTE- please dont explain too much explain to the point

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

Answer 7

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of an aldopentose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

The number of carbon atoms present in the chain characterize the monosaccharide. They are given below.

Carbon chain with three carbon atoms is triose.

Carbon chain with four carbon atoms is tetrose.

Carbon chain with five carbon atoms is as pentose.

Carbon chain with six carbon atoms is as hexose.

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups is known as a chiral carbon atom. This can rotate the plane polarized light. D- and L- isomers of monosaccharide can be identified by looking into the chiral center that is farther from the carbonyl group. In a Fischer projection, if the OH group is present on the right side in the chiral center that is farthest from the carbonyl group means it is a D monosaccharide and if the OH group is present on the left side means it is a L monosaccharide.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 14.1 - Draw a Lewis structure for glucose that clearly...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14.2 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons in a chain form with the carbonyl group at the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons in a chain form with the carbonyl group at the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar. Concept Introduction: Refer part (a).

Interpretation: An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar. Concept Introduction: Refer part (a).

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Interpretation:

An example of a ketohexose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Interpretation:

An example of a ketotetrose has to be given that is a D sugar.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).