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Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.3, Problem 2CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether
Introduction:
CODIS represent a DNA database which stands for “Combined DNA Index System”. CODIS is a DNA profile database stored in computer files at a state agency or at the FBI. Polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify the DNA so that there is enough to compare the DNA left at a crime scene with a suspect’s. The modern biotechnology has created various tools and technology which is used in
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The following shows the results of DNA profiling from a rape case. The evidence sample (S) consists of a mixture of DNA from the victim (V) and the DNA of the rapist(s). DNA is taken from four likely suspects (who were present at the same party as the victim on the night of the crime), Alan (A), Brad (B), Charle (C), and Don (D). The results of typing for two different polymorphic loci are shown.
1)Which person is homozygous for locus 1?
A. Alan
B. Brad
C. Charlie
D. Don
E. Victim
THe DNA profiles of five people potentially involved in a robbery are shown in DNA Profile #2. The profile on the left side was obtained from DNA belongíng
the robber. The four other profiles were obtained from the suspects. Which of the potential suspects is most likely the robber?
Can you please check my answer and make sure it is correct.
Question: How can DNA evidence be used to convict or exonerate a defendant? Why is DNA evidence so powerful?
Answer:
DNA evidence can be used to perform DNA profiling to determine the genotype of the specific DNA sample. With just a small amount of DNA, PCR can produce billions of copies of that specific segment. The segments that are used are from non-coding regions that contain STR’s or short tandem repeats. These very short DNA sequences are repeated and are specific to individuals because we inherit them from our mother and father. Gel electrophoresis separates the PCR products based on their size and each band is compared to the allele ladder. This process helps to identify the alleles present in the original samples. DNA profiling is performed at many loci to be able to tell the genetic difference between different individuals with a lot of certainty. The DNA from the different suspects is compared to the allele…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - define biotechnology?Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.2 - describe natural processes that recombine DNA,...Ch. 14.3 - Guilty or Innocent? When biological evidence was...Ch. 14.3 - For any single person, a given STR always has...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 14.3 - There are many other applications in which DNA...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 14.4 - Restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria....Ch. 14.4 - explain how genes are inserted into a plasmid, and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 14.5 - describe the advantages of genetically modified...Ch. 14.5 - list some examples of how GM animals might be...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.6 - explain how knowledge of the genomes of humans and...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1TCCh. 14.7 - explain how biotechnology is used to diagnose both...Ch. 14.7 - describe the procedures and advantages of gene...Ch. 14.8 - Genetic engineering is used both in food crops and...Ch. 14.8 - explain why people might be opposed to the use of...Ch. 14.8 - envision circumstances in which it would be...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 14.8 - Prob. 2CTCh. 14 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14 - A restriction enzyme a. cuts DNA at a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5MCCh. 14 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 14 - _________is the process whereby bacteria pick up...Ch. 14 - The _______ is a technique tor multiplying DNA in...Ch. 14 - Matching DNA samples in forensics uses a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - How does gel electrophoresis separate pieces of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - As you may know, many Insects have evolved...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AC
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- Since DNA anaylsis is specific to human body fluids such as blood, why do Crime Scene Investigators even bother with doing field test for biological fluids? Why not submit all samples that might have any kind biological fluid to the lab?arrow_forwardDirections: The following story is about a crime solved through biotechnological techniques. The techniques used are DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA fingerprinting is a technique in which an individual’s DNA is analyzed to reveal the pattern of particular short nucleotide sequences. This pattern is claimed to be unique to the individual concerned and can thus be used for identification purposes. Polymerase chain reaction, on the other hand, is a technique used to replicate a DNA fragment so as to produce many copies of a particular DNA sequence. Why do you think there’s a need to generate several copies of the DNA? You will learn the answers to this as you go through the story. Read the story carefully and answer the questions that follow.arrow_forwardDNA ________ Depends on Differences in Length of Simple-Sequence DNAs.arrow_forward
- Directions: The following story is about a crime solved through biotechnological techniques. The techniques used are DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA fingerprinting is a technique in which an individual’s DNA is analyzed to reveal the pattern of particular short nucleotide sequences. This pattern is claimed to be unique to the individual concerned and can thus be used for identification purposes. Polymerase chain reaction, on the other hand, is a technique used to replicate a DNA fragment so as to produce many copies of a particular DNA sequence. Why do you think there’s a need to generate several copies of the DNA? You will learn the answers to this as you go through the story. Read the story carefully and answer the questions that follow. Questions: 1. How did the investigators conclude that the suspect was indeed the murderer? 2. What if a strand of hair was found in the truck bed instead of a seed pod, do you think it will still lead to the…arrow_forwardThe key portion of the autoradiograph from a single locus probe analysis of various DNA samples in a rape investigation is shown in this figure. (Please refer to the attached Picture) Samples of DNA were loaded into the following lanes: (based on the picture) known blood sample of victim known blood sample from defendant DNA size markers female fraction from vaginal swab of victim male fraction from vaginal swab of If you are the DNA analyst, you should conclude that: A. The suspect is guilty B. The suspect might be guilty, but more probes should be used. Explain your answer and Provide Conclusion.arrow_forwardThe following gel shows the results of a crime scene investigation. Lane 1 shows a DNA sample that was obtained from the scene of a crime (there was evidence of the criminal cutting himself, so it's the criminal's blood sample that produced the DNA bands in lane 1). Lanes 2-7 shows a DNA sample from six potential suspects held in connection with the crime. Arrange the bands labeled A, B, C, D from largest to smallest. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 OC, A, D, B A, B, C, D OB, D, A, C O D, A, C, Barrow_forward
- True or false: Ethidium bromide is added to your hot liquid agar solution to help separate the DNA bands by size and overall charge. True Falsearrow_forwardThe gel serves as a ______________ to separate out the DNA fragmentsarrow_forwardQuestions: Answer questions 1 to 3 about this gel electrophoresis. 1. Which color represents the smallest DNA fragment? (explain) 2. If “A" is the crime scene and B to E are suspects. Do you have any match? (Why or Why not) 3. Is there a possibility that any of the suspect related to the person who committed the crime? Explain.arrow_forward
- You are a forensic scientist in charge of DNA samples in a case where a man was murdered. You conduct gel electrophoresis on the samples to determine the DNA profile of the samples. The rows of bands have been marked to make it easier to reference the bands. The sample marked 'evidence' came from under the victim's fingernails, likely indicating a struggle. There are two suspects in the case, both of whom are brothers, they are marked suspect 1 and suspect 2, for brother 1 and brother 2, respectfully. Does the evidence collected match the DNA profiles of either brother? If yes, which one? If no, then would it be likely that the actual criminal is a family member of the brothers? If yes, what could the relation be (mom, dad, cousin, aunt, or uncle)? Note: there is a sister in their family, their parents are both still alive, and they have a robust extended family. The brothers are not twins.arrow_forwardThe Evidence shows which suspect was at the crime scene? ( image of murder investigation) A) suspect A B) suspect B C) suspect C D) none were at the crime scene Which of the following choices most likely lists the sizes of the four DNA fragments in lane 6 ( second image) of this agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide? ( Note: the well that the DNA was loaded into is at the top of the gel image). A) 100 bp, 300 bp, 450 bp, 600 bp. B) 300 bp, 400 bp, 100 bp, 600 bp C) 600 bp, 450 bp, 300 bp, 100 bp D) 400 bp, 300 bp, 600 bp, 100 bp E) DNA fragment size can't be estimated using an agarose gel.arrow_forwardTo ensure a conviction, DNA crime labs use CODIS standards. Instead of 1 tandem repeat, how many would be analyzed?arrow_forward
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