Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.4, Problem 1TC
Restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria. Why would bacteria synthesize enzymes that cut up DNA? (Hint: Bacteria can be infected by viruses called bacteriophages; see Chapter 12.) Why wouldn't a bacterium's restriction enzymes destroy the DNA of its own chromosome?
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Restriction sites are palindromic; that is, they read the same in the5' to 3' direction on each strand of DNA. What is the advantage ofhaving restriction sites organized this way?
If restriction endonucleases are produced by bacteria within a host, why don’t these enzymes chew up the genomic DNA of their host? What is the role of DNA methyltransferase in this? Indicate the answer
Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes that cleave duplex (double-stranded) DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. The mode of replication of the animal virus SV40 has been investigated by using restriction endonucleases that cleave SV40 DNA into a number of unique segments. Like most viruses, SV40 DNA is circular.
The map positions of the 11 fragments produced by a pair of restriction endonucleases are shown on the next page. Immediately following a 5 or 10 minute pulse of radioactively labeled thymidine, labeled SV40 molecules that have completed replication during the pulse are isolated. These newly replicated DNA molecules are digested by the restriction endonucleases and the resulting fragments are analyzed for the relative amounts of pulse label they contain. The results are in the table below. Assume that at the time the label was added there was a random population of replicating SV40 DNA molecules in all possible stages of synthesis.
From the information given below,…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - define biotechnology?Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.2 - describe natural processes that recombine DNA,...Ch. 14.3 - Guilty or Innocent? When biological evidence was...Ch. 14.3 - For any single person, a given STR always has...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 14.3 - There are many other applications in which DNA...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 14.4 - Restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria....Ch. 14.4 - explain how genes are inserted into a plasmid, and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 14.5 - describe the advantages of genetically modified...Ch. 14.5 - list some examples of how GM animals might be...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.6 - explain how knowledge of the genomes of humans and...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1TCCh. 14.7 - explain how biotechnology is used to diagnose both...Ch. 14.7 - describe the procedures and advantages of gene...Ch. 14.8 - Genetic engineering is used both in food crops and...Ch. 14.8 - explain why people might be opposed to the use of...Ch. 14.8 - envision circumstances in which it would be...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 14.8 - Prob. 2CTCh. 14 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14 - A restriction enzyme a. cuts DNA at a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5MCCh. 14 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 14 - _________is the process whereby bacteria pick up...Ch. 14 - The _______ is a technique tor multiplying DNA in...Ch. 14 - Matching DNA samples in forensics uses a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - How does gel electrophoresis separate pieces of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - As you may know, many Insects have evolved...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Restriction endonuclease and ligase are two types of enzymes used in the process of genetic engineering, i.e., the manipulation of genes. The restriction endonuclease differs from ligase in that it breaks the DNA at ends, while ligase causes the breaks in DNA from interior joins the fragments of DNA, while ligase breaks the DNA into fragments breaks the DNA at specific points, while the ligase joins the fragments of DNA breaks the DNA apart at each nucleotide, while ligase use the pieces to translatearrow_forwardWhich of the following can be termed as a restriction modification system?a) Restriction endonuclease + methylaseb) DNA ligase + methylasec) Restriction endonuclease + acetylased) DNA ligase + acetylasearrow_forwardMention two classes of restriction enzymes. Suggest their respective roles.arrow_forward
- In relation to the use of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology, answer the following: You have accidentally torn the labels off two tubes (tube A and tube B), each containing a different plasmid, now you do not know which plasmid is in which tube. Fortunately, you have restriction maps for both plasmids, shown in Figure below. You have the opportunity to test just one sample from one of your tubes. By utilizing agarose gel electrophoresis technique, which restriction enzyme OR combination of restriction enzymes would you use in this experiment to determine which plasmid is found in which tube?. (Hint: if you use Hind III restriction enzyme you are going to get ONE single fragment with a molecular size of → 0.5+0.3+0.2+0.4+1+1 = 3.4 kb).arrow_forwardAn important feature of restriction enzymes is that each enzyme only recognizes a specific palindrome and cuts the DNA only at that specific sequence of bases. A palindromic sequence can be repeated a number of times on a strand of DNA, and the specific restriction enzyme will cut all those palindromes, no matter what species the DNA comes from. A linear DNA molecule is represented below. The DNA is represented by one line, although in actuality, DNA has two strands. If the DNA molecule has two restriction sites, specifically two repeats of a specific palindrome sequence, A and B, for a specific restriction enzyme: How many fragments would be produced if the DNA is cut by that enzyme? Number each fragment Which fragment would be the largest? Which fragment would be the smallest?arrow_forwardA restriction map lists the locations of DNA sequences that are cut by a particular restriction enzyme for a piece of DNA, such as a chromosome or a plasmid. Restriction maps are important when generating a construct for experimental use. Digesting the DNA sequence with the restriction enzymes will result in fragmented DNA of predictable sizes, based on the restriction map, that allow a researcher to analyze if his or her construct was generated correctly when visualized using gel electrophoresis. Use the linear restriction map to predict where bands would be expected on a gel if a digest is performed using the specified restriction enzymes. Assume that there is enough restriction enzyme that every possible restriction site on each molecule of DNA will be cut.arrow_forward
- See the restriction enzyme map below. The total DNA length is 1800 base pairs. If this DNA is cut using three restriction enzymes, namely Kpnl, Sall and EcoRI, it yields four fragments with sizes of 390 bR. 810 bp, 270 bp www and 330 bp. Kpnl Sall EcoRI 390 810 270 330 1800 bp 1. If you were to subject this digested DNA to agarose gel electrophoresis, what would your gel look like? Draw a detailed picture of your gel. Remember to indicate the direction in which your DNA is moving and also show any reference samples. Also remember to show all components of your gel. 2. You are provided with coiled DNA and plasmid DNA that you subject to gel electrophoresis. Draw this gel. Remember to indicate the direction in which your DNA is moving and also show any reference samples. Also remember to show all components of your gel. Exac fragment sizes are not important.arrow_forwardAs you know, restriction enzymes evolved in different bacterial species independently. The adaptive significance of having a restriction enzyme is that the bacterium has the ability to cut the injected viral DNA into small segments. This destruction of viral DNA prevents the virus from taking over the bacterial cell and killing the cell. What is one benefit of using a restriction enzyme with staggered ends (such as EcoRI) to cut both the DNA insert and the plasmid? Which types of cut sites (staggered with “sticky ends” or blunt ends) are most useful in cloning DNA? Would you expect restriction enzymes in different bacteria genera (Streptococcus, Lactobacter, Escherichia) to have the same recognition sites (DNA sequences). Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about restriction endonucleases?a) Type I and II requires ATP to move along DNAb) Type I, II and III requires ATP to move along DNAc) Type II requires no ATP and cleaves DNA within recognition sequenced) Type II requires ATP and cleaves DNA within recognition sequencearrow_forward
- If restriction endonucleases are produced by bacteria within a host, why don’t these enzymes chew up the genomic DNA of their host? What is the role of DNA methyltransferase in this?arrow_forwardRestriction enzymes in bacterial cytoplasm cut injected bacteriophage DNA wherever certain sequences occur. Why do you think these enzymes do not chop up the bacterial chromosome, which is exposed to the enzymes in the cytoplasm?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the DNA sequence that a restriction binds to?arrow_forward
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