GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135349298
Author: Sanders
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 30P
The RAS gene encodes a signaling protein that hydrolyzes GTP to GDP. When bound by GDP, the RAS protein is inactive, whereas when bound by GTP, RAS protein activates a target protein, resulting in stimulation of cells to actively grow and divide. A single base-pair mutation (see below) results in a mutant protein that is constitutively active, leading to continual promotion of cell proliferation. Such mutations play a role in the formation of cancer. You have cloned the wild-type version of the mouse RAS gene and wish to create a mutant form to study its biological activity in vitro and in transgenic mice. Outline how you would proceed.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Cell lines divide normally in a defined medium containing growth factors, but fail to divide in the absence AGF (a growth factor). However, a mutant cell line continues to divide even in the absence of AGF. Elevated levels of Rb phosphorylation and the effects of receptor and Mek inhibitors suggest a mutation activating an oncogene. Inhibitors of Mek inhibit cell division of the mutant cell line, but inhibitors to the ADGF receptor, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) with homology to EGFR, do not.
Outline the RTK pathway leading to the phosphorylation of Rb to form p-Rb.
Cancers are often caused by overactive growth factor receptor signaling (remember growth factor receptors are enzyme-linked receptor pathways). If you were able to use gene therapy to overexpress a particular protein in a cancer cell, which of the following might be useful to overexpress in order to combatt cancer?
a GAP that acts on Ras
a phosphatase that acts on GPCR
a protein that enhances the activity of Akt
a ubiqtuin ligase that acts on the MAPK phophatase
You are studying the function of Bax as a positive regulator of apoptosis. You've
engineered a version of the Bax protein that is functional, but is mislocalized to the
plasma membrane rather than the mitochondria. You expect that this will block the
intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
When you activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, you are surprised to find that
the cells still die. You then do a cell fractionation experiment and verify that Bax is.
indeed being sent to the plasma membrane, rather than the mitochondria.
In one sentence, what is the most likely hypothesis for what is happening?
Chapter 15 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
Ch. 15 - 15.1 What purpose do the bla and lacZ genes serve...Ch. 15 - The human genome is 3109 bp in length. How many...Ch. 15 - 15.3 Ligase catalyzes a reaction between the...Ch. 15 - You have constructed four different libraries: a...Ch. 15 - Using the genomic libraries in Problem 4, you wish...Ch. 15 - The human genome is 3109bp. You wish to design a...Ch. 15 - 15.7 Using animal models of human diseases can...Ch. 15 - 15.8 Compare methods for constructing homologous...Ch. 15 - 15.9 Chimeric genefusion products can be used for...Ch. 15 - 15.10 Why are diseases of the blood simpler...
Ch. 15 - Injection of double-stranded RNA can lead to gene...Ch. 15 - Compare and contrast methods for making transgenic...Ch. 15 - 15.13 It is often desirable to insert cDNAs into a...Ch. 15 - 15.14 A major advance in the s was the development...Ch. 15 - 15.15 The bacteriophage lambda genome can exist in...Ch. 15 - 15.16 The restriction enzymes Xho and Sal cut...Ch. 15 - 15.17 The bacteriophage has a single-stranded DNA...Ch. 15 - 15.18 To further analyze the CRABS CLAW gene (see...Ch. 15 - You have isolated a genomic clone with an EcoR I...Ch. 15 - 15.20 You have identified a cDNA clone that...Ch. 15 - 15.21 You have isolated another cDNA clone of the...Ch. 15 - 15.22 You have identified five genes in S....Ch. 15 - You have generated three transgenic lines of maize...Ch. 15 - 15.24 Bacterial Pseudomonas species often possess...Ch. 15 - 15.25 Two complaints about some transgenic plants...Ch. 15 - 15.26 In Drosophila, lossoffunction Ultrabithorax...Ch. 15 - Prob. 27PCh. 15 - The highlighted sequence shown below is the one...Ch. 15 - Vitamin E is the name for a set of chemically...Ch. 15 - The RAS gene encodes a signaling protein that...Ch. 15 - 15.31 You have cloned a gene for an enzyme that...Ch. 15 - 15.32 About of occurrences of nonautoimmune type...Ch. 15 - Describe how having the Cas 9 gene at a genomic...Ch. 15 - 15.34 Would a gene drive system spread rapidly...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Select from the drop-down menu which type of regulation is occurring in each case. The Ixb12 gene sequence is in a region of condensed chromatin in fetal heart cells, but in adult heart cells, this region is uncondensed. This is an example of choose your answer... regulation. The Ixb12 protein is activated by a kinase, which is an example of choose your answer... regulation. Trx25 mRNA is targeted for degradation by a protein that is present in liver cells but not in heart cells, which is an example of regulation. The Trx25 protein is inactivated by a protein that removes its phosphorylated residues, which is an example of choose your answer... choose your answer... regulation.arrow_forwardWhile investigating the function of a specific growth factor receptor gene from humans, researchers found that two types of proteins are synthesized from this gene. A larger protein containing a membrane spanning domain recognizes growth factors at the cell surface, stimulating a specific downstream signaling pathway. In contrast, a related, smaller protein is secreted from the cell and binds available growth factor circulating in the blood, thus inhibiting the downstream signaling pathway. Speculate on how the cell synthesizes these disparate proteins.arrow_forwardWhen Ras is activated, cells will divide. A dominant-negative form of Ras clings too tightly to GDP. You introduce a dominant-negative form of Ras into cells that also have a normal version of Ras. Which of the following statements is TRUE? O a. The normal Ras in the cells you create will not be able to bind GDP because the ion dominant-negative Ras binds to GDP too tightly. O b. The cells you create will divide more frequently compared to normal cells in response to the extracellular signals that typically activate Ras. c. The cells you create will divide less frequently than normal cells in response to the extracellular signals that typically activate Ras. O d. The cells you create will run out of the GTP necessary to activate Ras. Clear my choicearrow_forward
- A growth factor Fsh3 stimulates the proliferation of culture fish cells. The receptor that binds Fsh3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and there are numerous fish tumor cell lines that have a mutation for the gen for this receptor. Which of the following mutations would be expected to promote uncontrolled cell proliferation. a mutation that inactivates the protein tyrosine phosphatase that acts on the receptor a mutation that prevents the binding of the normal extracellular signal to the receptor a mutation that inhibits the Ras GEF a mutation that destroys the kinase activity of the receptor a mutation that prevents dimerization of the receptorarrow_forward5) Briefly explain why the formation of a tumour can pose a risk to a person's homeostasis. 6) The functioning of the "Ras/MAPK" signal transduction pathway is absolutely essential in order for cells to grow, divide, and migrate. One important protein that is part of this pathway is BRAF. This protein is a kind of enzyme called a "kinase" – an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group onto another protein. In some melanomas, a mutated form of BRAF called BRAF Val600AGlu drives the progression of the cancer. The drug "vemurafenib" slows the progression of the cancer by slowing the production of the mutant BRAF protein. (National Cancer Institute. 2019. Types of Cancer Treatment. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/ Is this an example of a traditional cancer therapy or a targeted therapy? Briefly explain your reasoning in the space provided, using information provided in the text to support your answer. Type of therapy (traditional or targeted)?: Brief…arrow_forwardChanges in the activity of a variety of Cdks are essential for accurate progression through the cell cycle, and yet the levels of Cdk expression are fairly constant during the cell cycle. Briefly describe three mechanisms by which the activity of Cdks is regulated.arrow_forward
- Describe the common signal transduction event that is perturbed by cancer-promoting mutations in the genes encoding RAS and NF-1. Why are mutations in RAS more commonly found in cancers than mutations in NF-1?arrow_forward6) The functioning of the "Ras/MAPK" signal transduction pathway is absolutely essential in order for cells to grow, divide, and migrate. One important protein that is part of this pathway is BRAF. This protein is a kind of enzyme called a "kinase" – an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group onto another protein. - In some melanomas, a mutated form of BRAF called BRAF Val600AGlu drives the progression of the cancer. The drug “vemurafenib" slows the progression of the cancer by slowing the production of the mutant BRAF protein. (National Cancer Institute. 2019. Types of Cancer Treatment. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/ Is this an example of a traditional cancer therapy or a targeted therapy? Briefly explain your reasoning in the space provided, using information provided in the text to support your answer. Type of therapy (traditional or targeted)?: Brief explanation: 19arrow_forwardD) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TPS3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardlan of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing t0o fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will not…arrow_forward
- Which of the following defects in RAS would be tumorigenic? multiple answers A. Deletion of nucleotide binding domain B. Inactivation of Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) C. Mutation at amino acid 61 that prevents hydrolysis of bound GTP D. Inactivation of GTPase Protein (GAPS) E. Mutation that prevents binding of GTParrow_forwardCellular levels of tumor suppressor protein p53 is maintained by a ubiquitin ligase protein, called Mdm2. Over expression of Mdm2 destabilizes p53. Another protein p19ARF inhibits the activity of Mdm2, thus stabilizing p53. Loss of p19ARF function converts normal cells into cancer cells With the above information, which of the following statements are true? Mdm2 is a tumor suppressor gene but p19ARF is an oncogene Both Mdm2 & P19ARF are oncogenes Both Mdm2 & P19ARF are tumor suppressor genes O Mdm2 is an oncogene but p19ARF is a tumor suppressor genearrow_forwardStudies suggest that the presence of oncogenic Ras is not sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. Instead, the activity of Ras needs to be amplified and sustained to induce pathological consequences. Recent studies have suggested a role for inflammatory stimuli on tumor development in the context of oncogenic Ras. Is the presence of oncogenic Ras necessary for transient inflammatory stimulation to induce chronic pathologies (such as cancer) OR is chronic inflammation essential for oncogenic Ras to induce tumorigenesis?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
What are Mutations and what are the different types of Mutations?; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I16YlE8qTBU;License: Standard youtube license