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EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 17.3, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason for the presence of multiple copies of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes in the mammalian genome.
Introduction:
The rRNA is a part of the structure called ribosome, which is the site for protein synthesis or translation process. There are different types of rRNA based on the size and it forms the core of the ribosome, which includes 5 S, 5.8 S, 18 S, and 28 S where S stands for Svedberg unit. The rRNA genes are moderately repetitive sequences (10–1000 times) found in the eukaryotic genome.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Why do humans have such a large number of nucleotides (3.2 billion base pairs) compared to the number of nucleotides in the Japanese pufferfish (with only 400 million base pairs)?
the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of intron nucleotides in humans
the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of euchromatin sequences in humans
the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of intron sequences in humans
the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of protein-coding genes in humans
the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of exon sequences in humans
What is a gene?
Why are genes for rRNA and tRNA considered to be genes even though they do not produce polypeptides?
The figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as
well. A study on this organism found that two mature mRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 867
nucleotides in length, and the other is 685 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing
this variation. Also explain how these 867 and 685 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the
information provided.
Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 150 nucleotides.
Chapter 17 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- The figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature mRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides. 99 62 120 84 102 27 117 Gene X E1 11 E2 12 ЕЗ 13 E4 Exon (E) Intron (I)arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature MRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides. 99 62 120 84 102 27 117 Gene X E1 в в 11 E2 12 E4 Exon (E) Intron (1)arrow_forwardYeast have 8 similar tRNA genes with the anticodon 5'-GUA. A researcher mutates one of these genes to change its anticodon to 5'-GUU. a) What codon did the tRNA originally decode? Name the amino acid. b) What codon does the mutated tRNA decode? Name the amino acid.arrow_forward
- There are several different types of genes within a genome that serve specific functions within the cell. What are protein coding genes, tRNAs, rRNAs, and regulatory RNAs? What are the parts of a protein coding gene?arrow_forwardYeast have 8 similar tRNA genes with the anticodon 5’-GUA. A researcher mutates one of these genes to change its anticodon to 5’-GUU. a) What codon did the tRNA originally decode? b) What codon does the mutated tRNA decode?arrow_forwardIn bacterial genes, as soon as any partial mRNA transcript is produced by the RNA polymerase system, the ribosome assembles on it and starts translating. Draw a diagram of this process, identifying 5′ and 3′ ends of mRNA, the COOH and NH2 ends of the protein, the RNA polymerase, and at least one ribosome. Why couldn’t this system work in eukaryotes?arrow_forward
- In Eukaryotes the following are areas of the gene that contain amino acid sequences information A) Exon’s B) Introns C) Activators D) Promotersarrow_forward26) Eukaryotes are unable to couple transcription and translation because: A) the two processes occur in separate regions of the cell B) they do not have the specialized ribosomes that occur in bacteria C) the genetic code in eukaryotes is incompatible with the formation of polyribosomes D) the mRNA of eukaryotes do not have the appropriate spacers that polycistrons allow for polyribosomes to form E) eukaryotic mRNA molecules are monocistronic. asap please.arrow_forwardHow can the same modification of the standard genetic code happen in two organelle genomes (chloroplasts and mitochondria) and in the same organism?arrow_forward
- asap please A partially filled diagram of eukaryotic gene structure is shown below. Label the following additional elements in the empty boxes. One label must be used twice: a) 3'UTR, b) 5'UTR, c) exon, d) intron, e) promoterarrow_forwardConsider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein. What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts. Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma. x 5arrow_forwardWhy do mitochondria need genes that encode rRNAs andtRNAs?arrow_forward
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