Chapter 19, Problem 19.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How to carry out the given transformation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The C=C functional group of an alkene or the $\text{C}\equiv \text{C}$ functional group of an alkyne can be removed via catalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation is a reaction in which ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ adds to a molecule in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. Catalytic hydrogenation readily reduces an alkene or an alkyne to an alkane. The reduction of an alkyne to an alkene via catalytic hydrogenation favors production of the cis isomer over the trans. Catalytic hydrogenation using a poisoned catalyst (a Lindlar catalyst) reduces an alkyne to a cis alkene. The functional groups in alkenes, alkynes, and aldehydes can be selectively reduced over those in ketones, nitriles, and amides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How to carry out the given transformation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The C=C functional group of an alkene or the $\text{C}\equiv \text{C}$ functional group of an alkyne can be removed via catalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation is a reaction in which ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ adds to a molecule in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. Catalytic hydrogenation readily reduces an alkene or an alkyne to an alkane. The reduction of an alkyne to an alkene via catalytic hydrogenation favors production of the cis isomer over the trans. Catalytic hydrogenation using a poisoned catalyst (a Lindlar catalyst) reduces an alkyne to a cis alkene. The functional groups in alkenes, alkynes, and aldehydes can be selectively reduced over those in ketones, nitriles, and amides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How to carry out the given transformation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The C=C functional group of an alkene or the $\text{C}\equiv \text{C}$ functional group of an alkyne can be removed via catalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation is a reaction in which ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ adds to a molecule in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. Catalytic hydrogenation readily reduces an alkene or an alkyne to an alkane. The reduction of an alkyne to an alkene via catalytic hydrogenation favors production of the cis isomer over the trans. Catalytic hydrogenation using a poisoned catalyst (a Lindlar catalyst) reduces an alkyne to a cis alkene. The functional groups in alkenes, alkynes, and aldehydes can be selectively reduced over those in ketones, nitriles, and amides.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How to carry out the given transformation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The C=C functional group of an alkene or the $\text{C}\equiv \text{C}$ functional group of an alkyne can be removed via catalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation is a reaction in which ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ adds to a molecule in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. Catalytic hydrogenation readily reduces an alkene or an alkyne to an alkane. The reduction of an alkyne to an alkene via catalytic hydrogenation favors production of the cis isomer over the trans. Catalytic hydrogenation using a poisoned catalyst (a Lindlar catalyst) reduces an alkyne to a cis alkene. The functional groups in alkenes, alkynes, and aldehydes can be selectively reduced over those in ketones, nitriles, and amides.