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Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 8P
Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the cell cycle, making it start or stop.
a. | What is an example of an external molecule that regulates the cell cycle? |
b. | What is an example of a molecule inside the cell that is involved in cell-cycle regulation? |
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Students have asked these similar questions
BPA is a chemical compound that has historically been used in the manufacture of plastic products. However, cells often mistake BPA molecules for hormones that accelerate the cell cycle. Because of this, BPA is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.a. How might BPA interact with the cell cycle and its checkpoints?b. Why do you think that very small concentrations of BPA might have a large effect on a cell?
Describe kinases and cyclins. How do they interact to cause cells to move through the cell cycle?
The retinoblastoma protein (RB) suppresses human cell division by
arresting cells in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle and preventing
progression to the next phase. It accomplishes this task by binding
to another protein, E2F, a transcription factor needed for further
progression through the cell cycle. Normal progression through the
cell cycle is accomplished when cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
phosphorylate RB, preventing its binding to E2F.
Many viruses can induce abnormal exit from G, using viral proteins
that bind to RB at a motif at the N-terminal called LXCXE. An
example is the E7 papilloma protein, which causes the excessive
proliferation of cells in warts.
The site at which LXCXE proteins bind is called the pocket domain
and is highly conserved on RB and related proteins in plants and
animals. The configuration of the pocket domain is well established.
Mutant experimental RB proteins are available with alterations in the
conserved amino acids of the pocket domain.
A simple…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 19 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 19 - Characterize the differences between tumor cells...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3PCh. 19 - Prob. 4PCh. 19 - A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - Prob. 7PCh. 19 - Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the...Ch. 19 - Put the following steps in the correct ordered...Ch. 19 - a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stop...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11PCh. 19 - One of the hallmarks of mitotic anaphase is the...Ch. 19 - Concerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis of...Ch. 19 - Are genome and karyotype instabilities...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15PCh. 19 - A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17PCh. 19 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - Neurofibromatosis type 1 NF1; also known as von...Ch. 19 - Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent form...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21PCh. 19 - Prob. 22PCh. 19 - Prob. 23P
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- The retinoblastoma protein (RB) suppresses human cell division by arresting cells in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle and preventing progression to the next phase. It accomplishes this task by binding to another protein, E2F, a transcription factor needed for further progression through the cell cycle. Normal progression through the cell cycle is accomplished when cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate RB, preventing its binding to E2F. Many viruses can induce abnormal exit from G, using viral proteins that bind to RB at a motif at the N-terminal called LXCXE. An example is the E7 papilloma protein, which causes the excessive proliferation of cells in warts. The site at which LXCXE proteins bind is called the pocket domain and is highly conserved on RB and related proteins in plants and animals. The configuration of the pocket domain is well established. Mutant experimental RB proteins are available with alterations in the conserved amino acids of the pocket domain. A simple…arrow_forwardWhen a mitogen binds to a receptor on a cell, the signal is transported via a signaling pathway into the cell and a new cell cycle can start. Describe this signal path. Explain what would happen to this one signal path if the cell simultaneously detects that there is damaged DNA in the cell.arrow_forwardCell division cycle mutations render the mutants unable to continue the cell cycle. This phenotype creates a paradox where mutant cells must also be grown in the lab to further identify the gene and study the role of the protein. How do you think this problem can be solved?arrow_forward
- (b) What is the role of microtubules in mitosis? How does vincristine contribute to the cell cycle arrest of cancer cells? Explain. Microtubulesarrow_forwardYou are studying Protein X which plays a role in promoting the G1/S phase transition in eukaryotic cells. You design an experiment using wild-type yeast cells to measure the amount of Gene X MRNA and activity levels of Protein X during the cell cycle. The results from your experiment are shown in the graph below. From the data, which of the following could Protein X be? Protein X activity levels Gene X MRNA levels Relative Units G1 G2 M cyclin inhibitor protein O cyclin dependent kinase O Helicase Cyclinarrow_forwardChemotherapy utilizes chemicals to interrupt various parts of the cell cycle, targeting rapidly growing cells. Taxol® is an example of a drug that prevents mitosis phase from occurring. How this Taxol useful as a cancer treatment and how might targeting rapidly growing cells explain common chemotherapy side effects such as hair loss and nausea? A. Taxol will stop the tumor from growing, but unfortunately it also impacts other fast-growing cells (like hair follicles and stomach lining cells), so normal cells get damaged as well. B. Taxol will stop the tumor from continuing to divide, but unfortunately it also impacts other readily dividing cells (like hair follicles and stomach lining cells), so normal cells get damaged as well. C. Taxol will stop the tumor from copying DNA, but unfortunately it also impacts DNA replication in other cells (like hair follicles and stomach lining cells), so normal cells don't get to continue through…arrow_forward
- The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for several genes. Discuss an example of a specific gene that is activated by p53 and how this gene activation will lead to a pause in the cell cycle for DNA repair to take place.arrow_forwardA researcher studying a line of cancer cells noticed that cellular content of RhoBTB3 and Cyclin E1 increase and decrease through the cell cycle. a. He hypothesizes that RhoBTB3 signaling regulates the production of Cyclin E1 and the entry of the cell into mitosis. Based on the data below, explain why his results do not support this hypothesis. Identify what conclusions are supported by this data. b. Suppose that the researcher can engineer a cell line in which RhoBTB3 expression can be induced by the addition of a drug. Design an experiment using this cell line to test whether RhoBTB3 regulates the production of Cyclin E1. Describe what results he can expect if his hypothesis is correct.arrow_forwardIn the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?arrow_forward
- You are examining a cell to determine the stage of the cell cycle it is currently in. What stage are you most likely to see it in (what stage do cells spend most of their time in)? What stage are you least likely to see it in (what stage do cells spend the least of their time in)?arrow_forwardDescribe how cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are related. How do these molecules help regulate the cell cycle?arrow_forwardAt What Phase Is the Cell Cycle Arrested by an Inhibitor?arrow_forward
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cell division of meiosis and mitosis; Author: Stated Clearly;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-mFPZLLbHI;License: Standard youtube license