Chapter 2, Problem 2.36UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and the number of neutrons of the species given in the figure has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Protons:

A proton is one of three main particles that make up the atom.  Protons are a tiny, dense region at the center of the atom.  Protons have a positive electrical charge of $+1$ and a mass of 1 atomic mass which is $\text{1}{\text{.62×10}}^{\text{-27}}$ kilograms.

Neutrons:

Atoms of all elements except for most atoms of hydrogen have neutrons in their nucleus. Unlike protons and electrons, which are electrically charged, neutrons have no charge they are electrically neutral.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The atomic number of species given in the representation has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Atomic number (Z):

Atomic number of an element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass number of species given in the representation has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Mass number (A):

Mass number of an element is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

  $\text{A=Number}\text{of}\text{protons}\text{+}\text{Number}\text{of}\text{neutrons}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons in the figure has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Electrons:

Electrons have an electric charge of $\text{-1}$, which is equal but opposite to the charge of a proton, which have an electric charge of $\text{+1}\text{.}$  All atoms have the same number of electrons as protons, so the positive and negative charges cancel out making atoms electrically neutral.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The isotopic symbol of the species has to be given.