Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 13P
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The similarities and the differences between procedures that are used for coarse-scale mapping and fine-scale mapping of QTLs through the controlled crosses.
Introduction:
In the whole genome, some of the sections of DNA show a correlation to the
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ISSR is generally a dominant STS DNA marker. Nonetheless, with validated experimental evidence (e.g. laboratory and population genetics data), the marker can be used in codominance marker genotyping. Briefly explain each case below:
a) Codominant marker targets specific locus and reveals allelic variations in that locus among DNA samples.
b) Dominant marker: primers can complement other repeat sequences or in multiple loci thereby non-specificity in sampled genomes.
(a) Explain sensitivity and selectivity in terms of true and false positives.
(b) What is the advantage of a Needleman-Wunsch alignment compared to a seeded alignment?
(c) What does the expectation parameter mean in local alignment? What will happen if the expectation value is increased from its default value of 10 to a 100?
Is there any difference between the alignments, alignment scores, identity percentages, positives and gaps? If so, what is your explanation for the differences?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 21 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - How can each of the following be used in...Ch. 21 - Which of the following statements would be true of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5PCh. 21 - Prob. 6PCh. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Human geneticists have found the Finnish...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by...Ch. 21 - Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping: i...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - Prob. 14PCh. 21 - Canavan disease, caused by homozygosity for a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 21.15....Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LD...Ch. 21 - In domesticated dogs, size has a high...Ch. 21 - Prob. 23P
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- What advantages do anonymous DNA markers afford for genetic mapping as opposed to traditional allelic markers associated with visible phenotypes? What are the disadvantages of anonymous DNA markers for mapping?arrow_forwardHow can linkage disequilibrium mapping sometimes provide a much higher resolution of gene location than classical linkage mapping?arrow_forwardConsider the first category of test-cross offspring shown in figure 8.2 (+b, LS). Consider also that the parents of the heterozygous female flies in the test cross had the following genotypes: bb, SS, and +, LL. A. What would be the physical phenotype of these flies? B. If PC was conducted with the DNA of one of these flies using the primers for the molecular marker, what would be the appearance of the bands on an electrophoresis gel with the PC products? C. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker (L long or S short) were unlinked, what proportion of the test-cross progeny would be black flies that are heterozygous for the molecular marker? What proportion would be flies with normal body color, which are homozygous for one form of the molecular marker? D. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker were linked, how would the proportion of flies be different?arrow_forward
- In an analysis of five rII mutants, complementation testing yielded the following results:arrow_forwardHow do you use qPCR to confirm the phenotype of dpy-5 and skn-1. Describe the experiment.arrow_forwardConsider the first category of test-cross offspring shown in figure 8.2 (+b, LS). Consider also that the parents of the heterozygous female flies in the test cross had the following genotypes: bb, SS, and +, LL. A. What would be the physical phenotype of these flies? B. If PCR was conducted with the DNA of one of these flies using the primers for the molecular marker, what would be the appearance of the bands on an electrophoresis gel with the PCR products? C. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker (L long or S short) were unlinked, what proportion of the test-cross progeny would be black flies that are heterozygous for the molecular marker? What proportion would be flies with normal body color, which are homozygous for one form of the molecular marker? D. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker were linked, how would the proportion of flies be different?arrow_forward
- DNA obtalned from the indicated donor strains is used to TRANSFORM the indicated recipient strains. The resulting progeny are plated on minimal medium so that only wild- type recombinants are scored. The number of wild-types for each cross is given in the chart below. What is the order of the genes? Donor Recipient wid type colonies a-b- c+ a+ b+ c- 273 a- b+ c- a+ b-c+ 462 a- b+ C+ a+ b-c- 2 a b- C+ a- b+ c+ O 4-b-c a-o-b b-a-c cannot be determined Question 18 of 26arrow_forwardConsider a maize plant: Genotype C/cm ; Ac/Ac+ where cm is an unstable colorless allele caused by Ds insertion. What phenotypic ratios would be produced and in what proportions when this plant is crossed with a mutant c/c Ac+/Ac+? Assume that the Ac and c loci are unlinked, that the chromosome-breakage frequency is negligible, and the C allele encodes pigment production.arrow_forwardThe final step of genomic isolation typically utilizes TE-8 buffer. To make TE-8, concentrated stock solutions of Tris-HCl and EDTA are made first. Outline how much of each of these compounds you would weigh out in order to make a 250 mL stock of 500 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8 and a 100 mL stock of 250 mM EDTA. Then, state how much of each of these stock solutions you would use to make a 50 mL solution of TE (also include how much distilled water would be used).arrow_forward
- Does a molecular marker have to be polymorphic to be useful in physical mapping studies? Does a molecular marker have to be polymorphic to be useful in linkage mapping (i.e., involving family pedigree studies or genetic crosses)? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardYou would like to isolate loci in the genome that influence plant height in tomato plants. Describe how you would achieve this through QTL mapping. Choose a true breeding tall strain and a true breeding short strain and compare the genomic sequences. Choose a true breeding tall strain and true breeding short strain and type them for molecular markers. Mate them together to produce F1 offspring and evaluate whether the F1 are tall or short. Choose two true breeding tall strains and compare the genomic sequences. Choose a true breeding tall strain and true breeding short strain and type them for molecular markers. Mate them together to produce F1 offspring. Genotype the F1 to identify makers that are associated with differences in plant height. Choose a true breeding tall strain and true breeding short strain and type them for molecular markers. Mate them together to produce F1 offspring, then backeross the F1 offspring to produce F2 offspring carrying recombinant chromosomes from tall…arrow_forwardA RFLP is discovered that is linked to the gene for Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is an X-linked, recessive trait. The RFLP is 2 map units from the gene for DMD. Consider the following pedigree and Southern blot using a probe that hybridizes to the RFLP. Which band/s is/are associated with DMD? What is the genotype for individuals 3 and 4? (Remember, this is an X linked disease, so use X’s and Y’s to denote). Individual 9 married a man who does NOT have muscular dystrophy, and she is pregnant. DMD is an X-linked trait. What is the probability for their child to have DMD? An amniocentesis is performed and it is determined that 9’s child in utero has only a 10 kb band that hybridizes to the same probe used above. What can you say about the child now?arrow_forward
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