Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 9P
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether the given information tells about the trait that is to be expected to respond most consistently to selection along with the reason for it.
Introduction:
Inheritance of traits is influenced by different extents depending upon the genetic makeover of the organism as well as the environmental conditions around the organism.
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Height in humans depends on the additive action of genes. Assume that this trait is controlled by the four loci R, S, T, and U and that environmental effects are negligible. Instead of additive versus non-additive alleles, assume that additive and partially additive alleles exist. Additive alleles contribute 2 units, and partially additive alleles contribute 1 unit to height.
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Express answer in percentage form.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 21 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - How can each of the following be used in...Ch. 21 - Which of the following statements would be true of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5PCh. 21 - Prob. 6PCh. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Human geneticists have found the Finnish...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by...Ch. 21 - Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping: i...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - Prob. 14PCh. 21 - Canavan disease, caused by homozygosity for a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 21.15....Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LD...Ch. 21 - In domesticated dogs, size has a high...Ch. 21 - Prob. 23P
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- Selection confers a reproductive advantage to individuals based on their adaptations, and therefore causes the alleles carried by those individuals to increase in the population. Selection can be simulated by having your partner remove any three individuals of a particular suit as you deal the cards into a pile. The fitness of that variant is therefore 0.77 (10/13 survive), while the fitness of the other three variants remains at 1.0 (13/13 survive). Recalculate allelic (suit) frequencies after selection. 1. What is the effect of selection on reproduction, allelic diversity, and frequency? 2. What would happen if similar selection continued over several generations? Cite references.arrow_forwardIn a system that meets the requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 25% of individuals exhibit the recessive phenotype for a trait. What is the allele frequency of the dominant allele?arrow_forwardA population of squirrels has two fur color alleles: the dominant allele (B) for black fur and the recessive allele (b) for brown fur. In a sample of 100 squirrels, 25 have black fur and are homozygous dominant (BB), 50 have black fur and are heterozygous (Bb), and 25 have brown fur (bb). Based on these numbers, what is the allele frequency for B and b? Are these genotype frequencies the same as you would expect if no evolution was occurring and genotypes were "picked at random" from the population gene poll of alleles? B = 25%; yes the same as you would expect as if genotypes were picked at random. B = 50%; yes the same as you would expect as if genotypes were picked at random. B = 75%; yes the same as you would expect as genotypes were picked at random. B = 25%; no, not the same as you would expect as if genotypes were picked at random. There's probably active evolutionary change happening B = 50%; no, not the same as you would expect as if genotypes were picked at random. There's…arrow_forward
- Genetic covariation isn't always linear. Sometimes one trait has a linear fitness function while the other has a parabolic function. 141 Survival 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 I 70 length 68 66 22 24 26 Body mass = 28 = Song sparrow Using this image for reference, state whether the fitness for each trait combination is "low" or "high." Hint: look at the "lower" graph and look at the height of the blue at each x-y coordinate a. Max body mass + max wingspan c. Max body mass + min wingspan b. Min body mass + min wingspan d. Min body mass + max wingspan Cephas/CC BY-SA 4.0 = =arrow_forwardAt least one of the discoverers of this genetic equilibrium (Hardy) developed this HW equation to show that the dominant allele will not always take over the population just because that allele has a dominant effect on the phenotype. What additional factor would have to be present to cause a dominant allele to increase to a frequency of 100%? Why is this factor essential for the dominant allele to "take over" the gene pool?arrow_forwardThe ability to taste the chemical compound PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) is coded for by a single gene with two alleles. Let T stand for the allele that codes for tasting and t for the allele that codes for non-tasting. This allele exhibits complete dominance, such that heterozygotes can also taste PTC. Suppose that out of a population of 100 students, 70 are tasters. Estimate the allele frequencies and the frequencies of TT, Tt and tt genotypes in the population. Show all your work, and clearly state your logic and any assumptions you make in estimating the frequenciesarrow_forward
- If 120 of 200 alleles are dominant alleles, then what percentage of the alleles are dominant alleles? A-12% B-40% C-60% D-120% What percentage of the alleles are recessive alleles? E-8% F-40% G-60% H-80% Which of the terms of the Hardy-Weinberg equations represents the frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool? A-p^2 B-p C-2pq D-q^2arrow_forwardIn a population of 200 people, an allele F has a frequency of 84%. What is the frequency of allele f? Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, estimate the numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes. (Remember that the formula is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p represents the dominant allele and q represents the recessive allele.) *Be sure to account for all 200 people in the population.arrow_forwardStorage of excess carbohydrates in the diet in the form of fat would have helped human populations survive famine. However, this process is also a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes in modern populations. Modern populations vary greatly in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, but there is no evidence that alleles increasing type 2 diabetes susceptibility have been under positive selection in human populations. Which of the following is the best inference we can draw from these findings. Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. b C d Past selection for alleles increasing fat storage probably does not explain differences in type 2 diabetes prevalence in modern populations. Storage of excess carbohydrates probably does not contribute to type 2 diabetes. There is no genetic basis for differences between populations in type 2 diabetes. Fat storage has always been a deleterious trait for humans.arrow_forward
- If the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers. What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation? Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele. How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?arrow_forwardThe ability to taste the compound PTC is controlled by a dominant allele T, while individuals homozygous for the recessive allele t are unable to taste this compound. In a genetics class of 125 students, 88 were able to taste PTC, 37 could not. Calculate the frequency of the T and t alleles in this population, and the frequency of the genotypes (TT, Tt, and tt). Everyone in the class determined whether or not they could taste PTC. a. Number of tasters % tasters (TT+Tt) b. Number of nontasters % nontasters (tt) c. q2 = genotype tt = d. q = frequency of t allele = e. p= 1-q = frequency of T allele = f. p2 = genotype TT = g. 2pq = genotype Tt = %3Darrow_forwardCalculate selection for the following scenario. In a population of prairie dogs living on a prairie, prairie dogs with genotype AA have 9 offspring per year on average, those with genotype Aa have 5 offspring per year on average, and those with genotype aa have 8 offspring on average. Round selection to the nearest hundredth, report selection as a value ranging from "0.00" to "1.00" • Selection on genotype Aa: • Selection on genotype AA: • Selection on genotype aa: Which genotype has the highest fitness? Fill in the blank with homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessivearrow_forward
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