Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Resonance contributor for the cation formed during electrophilic
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.
(b)
Interpretation:
Resonance contributor for the cation formed during electrophilic aromatic substitution has to be given for the given ortho-para directing
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.
(c)
Interpretation:
Resonance contributor for the cation formed during electrophilic aromatic substitution has to be given for the given ortho-para directing
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.
(d)
Interpretation:
Resonance contributor for the cation formed during electrophilic aromatic substitution has to be given for the given ortho-para directing
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.
(e)
Interpretation:
Resonance contributor for the cation formed during electrophilic aromatic substitution has to be given for the given ortho-para directing phenyl group.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.
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Organic Chemistry
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- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning