Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 4CONQ
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true with regard to positional information in Drosophila?
A. Morphogens are a type of molecule that conveys positional information.
B. Morphogenetic gradients are established only in the oocyte, prior to fertilization.
C. Cell adhesion molecules also provide a way for a cell to obtain positional information.
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In the late 1980s, this gradient hypothesis was united with a genetic approach to the study of Drosophila embryogenesis. If there were gradients, what were the morphogens whose concentrations changed over space?
Explain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.
The figure below shows the distribution of proteins during embryo development in Drosophila. These proteins are encoded by which types of genes? Which proteins regulate the expression of these genes?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.1 - Which of the following is the correct order for...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.3 - 3. Myogenic bHLH proteins are ___________ that...
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.5 - 1. A key event that initially determines female or...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26 - 1.  What four types of cellular processes must...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 26 - 4. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true...Ch. 26 - Discuss the morphological differences between the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 26 - Explain what a morphogen is, and describe how it...Ch. 26 - 8.  What is positional information? Discuss three...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 26 - 11. Describe the function of the Bicoid protein....Ch. 26 - With regard to development, what are the roles of...Ch. 26 - Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development....Ch. 26 - Describe the molecular features of the homeobox...Ch. 26 - What would you predict to be the phenotype of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 26 - If a mutation in a homeotic gene produced the...Ch. 26 - 18. Explain how loss-of-function mutations in the...Ch. 26 - What is the difference between a maternal-effect...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 26 - 23. Discuss the similarities and differences...Ch. 26 - 24. What is cell differentiation? Discuss the role...Ch. 26 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 26 - What is a totipotent cell? In each of the...Ch. 26 - 27. What is a meristem? Explain the role of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 26 - Predict the phenotypic consequences of each of the...Ch. 26 - 30. Explain how alternative splicing affects sex...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1EQCh. 26 - Compare and contrast the experimental advantages...Ch. 26 - 3. What is meant by the term cell fate? What is a...Ch. 26 - 4. Explain why a cell lineage diagram is necessary...Ch. 26 - Explain the rationale behind the use of the bag of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6EQCh. 26 - Take a look at question 2 in More Genetic TIPS...Ch. 26 - All of the homeotic genes inDrosophilahave been...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9EQCh. 26 - wo techniques commonly used to study the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11EQCh. 26 - Prob. 12EQCh. 26 - 13. Another way to study the role of proteins...Ch. 26 - 14. Why have geneticists used reverse genetics to...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 26 - Prob. 2QSDCCh. 26 - Prob. 3QSDC
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- The anteriorposterior axis of a Drosophila embryo is first established by certain (a) homeotic genes (b) maternal effect genes (c) segmentation genes (d) proto-oncogenes (e) pairrule genesarrow_forwardThe anterior structure of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. nanos proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. b. caudal proteins promote the transcription of the bicoid gene. c. bicoid proteins promote transcription of the hunchback gene. d. hunchback proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. The posterior structures of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. caudal proteins block the transcription of the bicoid gene. b. bicoid proteins block transcription of the hunchback gene. c. nanos proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene. d. hunchback proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene.arrow_forwardAnother way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryoarrow_forward
- What is positional information? Discuss three different ways that cells obtain positional information. Which of these three ways do you think is the most important for the formation of a segmented body pattern in Drosophila?arrow_forwardA drug causes the degradation of Cactus protein. What would be the effect of administering this drug to developing Drosophila embryos?arrow_forwardgiven a situation in which you manipulated a zebrafish embryo by injecting high levels of retinoic acid so that no anterior genes will be expressed. Surprisingly, after embryonic development, you are still able to observed the presence of anterior structures. What could explain this observation? What changes in your experiment would you make to achieve your objective?arrow_forward
- In flies, the gap gene kruppel is expressed in a broad band in the middle of the embryo with giant expressed as its anterior border and knirps at its posterior border. How is the expression of kruppel limited to this band in the embryo? Describe the spatial regulation of the kruppel gene.arrow_forwardWhat changes, if any, would you predict would occur in the pigmentation of Drosophila melanogaster with increased global warming? What type of genetic changes would you expect to see? Be as specific as you can.arrow_forwardYou isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discover that the DNA region encoding the spatial control region (SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?arrow_forward
- Which statement about Hox genes is false?  a. They are expressed in similar patterns in the embryos of both mice and flies.  b. They include a conserved region of base pairs called the homeobox.  c. They are arranged in similar clusters of genes in both mice and flies.  d. They are part of the so-called genetic toolkit.  e. Because of their important functional roles, they evolved rapidly in both mammals and flies.arrow_forwardWhat is the signaling pathway that mediates the organizing activity of the A/P organizer in the Drosophila wing disc? Describe two experiments that suggest this pathway functions to organize pattern and promote growth along the anterior/posterior axis of wing imaginal discs.arrow_forwardAbsence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads to theabsence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-imageduplication of posterior parts. This is evidence that the productof the bicoid gene(A) normally leads to formation of head structures.(B) normally leads to formation of tail structures.(C) is transcribed in the early embryo.(D) is a protein present in all head structures.arrow_forward
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