Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 37, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The filtration process started as the blood moves through the glomerulus and a part of plasma leaves the glomerulus capillaries and filters inside the Bowman ’s capsule. The rate of entry of filtrate inside the Bowman’s capsule is measured as glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). This increases when afferent arteriole get dilated. The outcome of which blood enters the glomerulus and the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries get increase and this cause excretion of urine. This process of filtration is maintained by a hormone termed as an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It is also called vasopressin. It act as a signaling molecule as for example, when the water amount is high inside the body the concentration of ADH decrease in the blood and when its concentration is high, it means the water amount in blood is very low.
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When blood pressure fluctuates within normal homeostatic range,
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Chapter 37 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.1 - Which statement is false? Water is an inorganic...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - Are the transport processes shown here, including...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 37.4 - During the absorptive state, an animal is fasting....Ch. 37.4 - Gluconeogenesis occurs when the liver synthesizes...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 37.5 - Insulin primarily regulates blood glucose...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.8 - Note that modem medical technology is using a...Ch. 37.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.8 - Hemodialysis is the treatment of choice for people...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1TYCh. 37 - Prob. 2TYCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYCh. 37 - Prob. 7TYCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYCh. 37 - In the mammalian kidney, filtration is driven by...Ch. 37 - Which of the following cause(s) an increase in Na+...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 37 - List and define the major processes involved in...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 37 - Discuss the major ways in which glucose...Ch. 37 - Briefly discuss the parts mid functions of the...
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- Someone has the following data of kidneys: Filtrate= 180 L/day Water=75% reabsorbed Urine =4 L/day NA+ =99.5% reabsorbed Urea=44% reabsorbed Glucose =60% reabsorbed The perone is____________ . diabetic .hypoglycemic .psychotic . ketonemicarrow_forwardIf a person has low blood pressure, what are some ways the body can compensate? A. Decrease ADH, Increase Aldosterone, Increase blood volume through activating thirst B. Increase in ADH, Increase in Aldosterone, Increase in thirst C. Decrease in ADH, Decrease in Aldosterone, Increase in thirst D. Increase ADH, Decrease Aldosterone, Decrease in thirst sensationarrow_forwardGiven: The concentration of glucose in the blood is 1 mg/mL. This person then decides to go for a brisk run, which doubles GFR. a. What effect will this have on the amount of inulin and glucose present in their urine? Why? (answer a )arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes why a very low GFR is not beneficial? a. Too many substances including wastes will be reabsorbed due to the reduced flow b. Filtered substances will pass by too quickly to be adequately reabsorbed c. There will be insufficient secretion of substances in the peritubular capillaries d. A low GFR is always beneficialarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements, is true about dehydration? Select one: Greater risk for elderly than for adults. Due to failure of the body’s heat-regulating mechanisms. Characterize by colourless urine. May prompt an increased appetite.arrow_forwardHow are water-soluble vitamins different from fat-soluble? * (Please choose one correct answer only) A. Water soluble vitamins like vitamins B and C are easily excreted from the kidney as excess in urine. Fat soluble vitamins like vitamins A and D are stored in fat and the liver. B. Water soluble vitamins like vitamins A and K are stored in the liver and easily excreted. Fat soluble vitamins like vitamins B and K are stored in fat and slowly excreted. C. Water soluble vitamins like vitamins B and C are absorbed in the blood stream and easily excreted. Fat soluble vitamins like vitamins B and K are absorbed in fat and tend to remain longer. D. Water soluble vitamins like B and C, then fat soluble vitamins A and E, are needed only in frequent doses because they are more likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplementsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system? * Filtration of wastes from the blood. Secretion of ADH from the collecting duct. Maintaining pH balance by secretion of H+ ions. Osmoregulation via sweating. Releasing carbon dioxide waste from the lungs.arrow_forwardWhich of these is not a function of the kidneys? A) The kidneys regulate the plasma volume B) The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure C) The kidneys help control the rate of red blood cell production D) The kidneys deactivate vitamin D and stimulate the activity of osteoclastsarrow_forwardThe body uses the nutrients we ingest from food and liquids. Once the body has reabsorbed as much as it can, it eliminates any material it deems unusable. As far as liquids are concerned, all waste that is eliminated by the kidneys is excreted as urine. Many people suffer from urinary tract infections every day. The lifestyle of many people can contribute to these health problems.arrow_forward
- In patients with diabetes mellitus, not enough insulin is produced; as a consequence, blood glucose levels increase. If blood glucose levels rise high enough, the kidneys are unable to absorb the glucose from the glomerular filtrate, and glucose "spills over" into the urine. What effect does this glucose have on urine concentration and volume? How does the body adjust to the excess glucose in the urine?arrow_forwardAldosterone (a) is released by the posterior pituitary gland (b) decreases sodium reabsorption (c) secretion is stimulated by an increase in blood pressure (d) is an enzyme that converts angiotensin into angiotensin II (e) secretion increases in response to angiotensin IIarrow_forwardIf a person has a very high protein diet, what substances/compounds would likely be increased in their urine? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Protein B. Urea C. Nitrogen D. Amino Acidsarrow_forward
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